Exam 4 Flashcards
Preventing clots by inhibiting platelet clumping
Antiplatlet drugs
Aspirin and plavix
Blocks conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin prolonging clotting
Heparin
Ways to administer heprin
IV and SC
1/2 life of heprin
8 hours (3 times a day)
Therapeutic PTT level
55-85
Antidote for heprin
Protamine sulfate
Anticoagulant that last 24 hours
Lovenox
How is lovenox given
Sub q
Lovenox antidote
Protamine sulfate
Inhibits vit k synthesis
Warfrin
Taken orally and takes 3 to 7 days for action
Warfrin
Therapeutic PT/INR levels for warfin
2.0 to 3.0
Warfrin antidote
Vitamin k
What foods to avoid when taking warfrin
Avoid green leafy foods
“Xaban” oral tabs works immediately
Xa inhibitors
Has to be given within 4 hours of acute blood clot
Avoid anticoagulants
Thrombolytics (TPA)
Good cholesterol
HdL
Bad cholesterol
LDL
Resin that binds with bile acids in intestines to lower cholesterol
Causes constipation
Always take with fluids
Bile acid sequestrants
Vitamin that needs to be taken in large doses to reduce LDL
Causes GI disturbances, elevated BS, flushing and abnormal liver functions
Niacin (b6)
Inhibits cholesterol synthesis in liver
2 to 4 weeks for results
Side effects: fatigue muscle aches
Monitor liver enzymes
Eye exam, risk for clotting
“Statins”
Increases blood flow to extremities
Side effects ortho hypotension dizzy
No alcohol
Vasodialators
Fluid built up around heart
Heart failure
Fluid built up around lungs
Pulmonary edema
Fluid built up in extremeties
Peripheral edema
Fluid built up around heart and lungs
Congestive heart failure
What do you listen for in lungs of someone who has CHF
Crackles in the lungs
Test for heart failure
BNP
Normal value less then 100
1/2 life is 36 hours
Highly toxic when taken daily
Toxic side effects: low heart rate fatigue visual disturbances
Digoxin
Antidote for dioxin toxicity
Digibind
Therapeutic dioxin levels
0.5 to 2.0
What lab levels should always be checked when taking digoxin
Digoxin and potassium levels
When is the heart rate ok to take digoxin dose
When heart rate is over 60. Hold if under 60
Angina
Chest pain
Types if angina
Classic(stable)
Unstable
Variant
Angina on exertion
Stable(classic)
Angina that is frequent and progressive
Unstable angina
Angina that occurs at rest
Variant angina
Antianginal meds
NBC
Nitro
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Antiarrythmia meds
ABC
Amioderone
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Types of diuretics
Osmotic
Loop
Thiazide
K sparing
What to monitor when taking a diuretic
Potassium levels
Weights
I/Os
BP
Don’t take with sulfa allergy
Iv push or oral only
Iv push slowly
Monitor bp bun/creat, dehydration
Loop diuretics
Uses of beta blockers ‘lol’
Lowers bp, antianginal, antiarrythmic
Calcium channel blockers ‘dipine,’
Lowers bp
Anianginal
Antarrythmic
ACE inhibitors ‘pril’
Lowers bp
Alpha andrenergic blockers ‘zosin”
Lowers bp
Decreases LDL
ARBS angiotension II receptor blockers ‘sartan’
Lowers bp
