Exam 1 Flashcards
5 rights to drug administration
Patient
Drug
Dose
Time
Route
Additional 5 rights to administer medication
Documentation
Assessment
Education
Evaluation
Right to refuse
Causes that effect absorption of medications
Blood flow
Temperature
Food
Stress
Pain
Route
Bioavailability
Pharmaceutic phase
Tablet drugs that need to be broken down into a solution for to be absorbed in the GI tract
Liquid or tablet absorbed in body faster
Liquid
First pass effect
Tablet - GI - liver - bloodstream and kidney
Pharmacokinetic phase
How drugs move through the body
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolize
Elimination ADME
Percentage of administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation
Bioavailability
Rapid absorption has _____ bioavailability
Increased
Slow absorption has ______ bioavailability
Decrease
IV administration has ______ bioavailability
100% all medication is absorbed through the body
The four stages of absorption distribution metabolism and elimination of drugs
Pharmacokinetics
The effects if drugs in the body and the mechanisms of their actions
Pharmocodynamics
Amount of drugs that are left circulating in the body
Bioavailability
When a drug is given orally, it must be absorbed from the GI tract into _____ circulation
Portal
Transdermal application of a medication is ____ circulation
Systemic
Occurs when a drug has an impact in an irgan than its intended target organ
Side effects
A drugs impact on the body
Pharmacodynamics
Binds to a receptor to produce desired effect
Agonist
Competes with inherent molecules and blocks a response at the receptor site
Antagonist
Effect of drug when the medication first begins to take effect
Onset
Effect of drug when the maximum concentration of medication in the body, and the patient shows evidence if the greatest therapeutic effect
Peak
Length of time a medication produces its desired therapeutic effect
Duration
Large therapeutic window between effective concentration and toxic concentration of a medication
Large therapeutic index
Small therapeutic window between effective concentration and toxic concentration
Small therapeutic index
Relatively unpredictable, severe, and reason to discontinue medication
Adverse effect
Nursing process steps
Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
“ADPIE”
Nursing process
“Assessment “
Subjective: what pt tells you
Objective: what you observe
Nursing process
Diagnosis
What the patients problem is
Nursing assessment
Planning
The goal for the paients problem
Nursing assessment
Implementation
What the patients wants to achieve
Nursing process
Evaluation
Effectiveness
Side effects
Etc
Sedative hypnotic categories
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Nonbenzodiazepines
Melatonin agonists
Barbituates
Short term use-<2 weeks
Monitor vs
Interactions - no alcohol/cns depressants
Contradictions- pregnancy/resp depression/toxicity
Side effects-N/V/D, lethargy, drowsiness, dizziness
Adverse reaction: dependence/tolerance/hypotension/dizziness
Barbiturates “hint”
“Barb”
Examples phenoBARBital
Benzodiazapine “hint”
“Pam,”
Example lorazaPAM
Benzodiazapines
Short term use-<2 weeks
Monitor vs
Interactions - no alcohol/cns depressants
Contradictions- pregnancy/resp depression/toxicity
Side effects-N/V/D, lethargy, drowsiness, dizziness
Adverse reaction: dependence/tolerance/hypotension/dizziness
Combination of drugs for general anesthesia
Balanced anesthesia
Stages of anesthesia
Analgesia-induction stage
Excitement/delirium- fighting media
Surgical- performing surgery
Medullary paralysis- intubation required/longer surgeries require
Types of anesthesia
Inhalation anesthesia
Iv anesthesia
Topical
Local
Spinal
Antidote for benzodiazapine overdose
Flumazenil
Drugs that produce a response
Agonists
Drugs that prevent or block a response
Antagonists
Categories of drug actions
Stimulate/depress
Replacement
Inhibition/killing or organisms
Irritation
Stages of anesthesia
Analgesia-relaxing
Excitement/delirium
Surgical -surg performed
Medullary paralysis-longer surg, intubation required
Types of anesthesia
Inhalation
Iv
Topical
Local
Spinal
COx inhibitors causing damage to stomach lining
NSAIDS
Immediate anti inflammatory properties
Corticosteroids
Lab interactions: elevated glucose, and wbc
Corticosteroids
Gets rid of uric acid crystals and protects your kidneys
Anti inflammatory Gout medication
Acute pain
Mild moderate, right now issue
Cancer pain
Pressure on organs, Metastasized to bone
Chronic pain
Pain for >6 months difficult to treat
Somatic pain
Skeletal muscle or joint pain
Visceral pain
Smooth muscle or organ pain
Acetylcysteine
Acetaminophen overdose antidote
Opioid, severe pain, antidote is narcan, iv push over 4 to 5 minutes
Morphine
6x more potent than morphine, iv push 2 to 5 min, must dilute with normal saline
Hydromorphone (dilauted)
Narcotic antagonist
Narcan
