Exam 3 Flashcards
Most important electrolyte loss from N/V/D
Potassium
*given in small doses
*can cause hypotension/sedation
*ex: Haldol, promethazine
Dopamine antagonists
Serotonin receptor example
Zofran
When should vomiting NOT be induced during an overdose
When the substance is unknown
Types of laxatives
Osmotic: saline (not for chf or poor renal function
Stimulant:
Bulk forming:fiber
Emollients: stool softeners
Where peptic ulcers occur
Stomach(gastric)
Duodenum
Types of ulcers
Esophageal
Duodenal
Gastric
GERD
*Decrease GI morility/secretions
*Delay gastric emptying time
*Take before meals
*Antacids can slow absorption
*Can cause: dry mouth tachycardia constipation
Anticholinergic medications
*Promote uncertainty healing
*take 1 to 3 hours after meals
*assess renal/electrolytes
* give 2 hrs after other medications
*maylox
Antacids
*Prevent gastric reflux into the esophagus reducing gastric acid secretions
*ranitidine ‘-tidine’ (zantac/pepcid)
*can cause ha, dizziness,constipation, decreased libido
Histamine 2 blockers
*protonix nexium(panta’prazle’)
*Take before meals
*monitor liver
*can cause ha, dizziness, abdominal pain
PPI (proton pump inhibitors)
*Sucralfate (carafate)
*non absorbable, combines w protein to form protective layer over ulcer
*can cause constipation
*antacids decrease effect
Mucosal protectant
Oral Hypoglycemia medications
Sulfonylureas - glipizide
Nonsulfonylureas- metformin
*can cause insulin reaction, GI effects
*Adverse reactions: hematology
*contraindications:type 1, pregnancy, breast feeding, stress
Sulfonylureas (glipizide)
*Doesn’t not cause Hypoglycemia
*GI disturbance
*contraindicated in renal failure
*stop taking 2 days prior to surgery
No sulfonylureas (metformin)
*onset of DM after adolescents
*dx of DM for less than 5 years
*normal or overweight
*fasting blood glucose < 200mg
*less than 40u insulin daily
*normal renal/hepatic functions
Criteria for use of oral Hypoglycemics
When taking oral hypoglycemic medication
*monitor vs
*administer with food
*monitor blood sugar
*teach pt symptoms of hypo/hyper, sick day plan, diet, exercise, glucometer use
Fast acting insulin
Humalog
Novalog
Intermediate insulin
NPH(humolin/novolin)
Long acting insulin
Glargine (lantus)
When to give a fast acting insulin
5 minutes before a meal
Give 30minutes before meals
Short acting insulin
Excessive urination due to excess glucose in the urine
Polyuria
Dehydration causing excessive thirst
Polydipsia
Excessive hunger(cells not receiving enough glucose)
Polyphagia
Glucose elevating agent
Glucagon (IV IM, SC)
Short acting insulin
Regular insulin (humulin)
When do you give rapid insulin
5 minutes before meals
When do you give short acting insulin
May give 30 minutes before meals
Treated with levothyroxine
Lethargy
Dry skin
Memory problems
Weight gain
Hypothyroidism
Weight loss
Rapid heart rate
Irritable
Nervous
Bulging eyes
Hyperthyroidism
Maintains calcium levels
Monitor calcium levels, I&O fluid volume
Calcium in look vs bones
HyperPARATHYROID
Improves thought process
Treats psychosis
Interferes with dopamine
Can cause psuedoparkinsons(EPS)
Antipsychotic drugs
Psuedoparkinsons
Shuffling gait,mask life expression,rigidity in movement
Needs long term anti Parkinson’s medications
EPS extrapyramidal symptoms
Restless, pacing,rocking back and forth
Akasthisia
Gum smacking, tongue rolling, chewing motion
Tardive dyskinesia
Unexplained high fever, AMS, blood pressure fluctuations, potentially fatal.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Spasms of muscles in upper part of body head and neck
Acute dystopia
Thorazine~calming effect
Monitor bp (Hypotension)
Can cause lethargy
EPS (psuedoparkinsons)
Meds effective in about 3 to 6 weeks
Phenothiazines
Haldol~Calming effect
Photosensitive
Monitor bp/cbc
Lower dosage for older adults
IM or PO
Nonphenothiazines
Treats negative and positive psychosis symptoms
Not likely to cause EPS(Parkinson’s) or tardive dyskinesia
Weight gain
Monitor cbc
Ex: risperidone
Atypical antipsychotics
Normal lithium range
0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L
Lithium is given for this disorder
Bipolar affective disorder
Problem and solution while taking lithium
Hyponatremia(low sodium) due to lithium drawing salt out of the blood stream
Drink 1 to 2 liters of water daily
Seizures with an unknown cause is known as
Epilepsy
Reasons for seizures:
Fever
Hypoglycemia
Electrolyte imbalance
Alcohol/drug withdrawal
Isolated seizures
Suppress abnormal electrical impulses from the seizure focus to other cortical areas
Anticonvulsants
