Exam 4 Flashcards
Innate immunity
* is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens.
* is nonspecific and present at birth.
* involves a memory component.
* involves T cells and B cells.
* provides increased susceptibility to disease.
Innate immunity is nonspecific and present at birth.
Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?
* eosinophils
* erythrocytes
* macrophages
* basophils
* neutrophils
macrophages
The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and
lectin pathway after the point in the cascade where the activation of ________ takes place.
C3
A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding.
Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating
microbes?
* mucociliary escalator
* normal skin flora
* phagocytosis in the inflammatory response
* acidic skin secretions
* lysozyme
- phagocytosis in the inflammatory response
Margination refers to
* the adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms.
* the chemotactic response of phagocytes.
* adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels.
* dilation of blood vessels.
* the movement of phagocytes through walls of blood vessels.
- adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels.
Each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT
* interference with viral replication.
* bacterial cell lysis.
* opsonization.
* increased phagocytic activity.
* increased blood vessel permeability.
EXCEPT interference with viral replication.
Which of the following is an effect of opsonization?
* increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms
* increased margination of phagocytes
* increased diapedesis of phagocytes
* inflammation
* cytolysis
increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms
Phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize interaction with (getting to and getting hold of)
microorganisms EXCEPT
* trapping a bacterium against a rough surface.
* opsonization.
* chemotaxis.
* lysozyme.
* complement.
EXCEPT lysozyme
All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT
* vasodilation.
* fever.
* swelling.
* redness.
* pain.
EXCEPT fever
The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by
* lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3.
* C5-C9.
* antigen-antibody reactions.
* factors released from phagocytes.
* factors released from damaged tissues.
antigen-antibody reactions
Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT
* phagocytosis.
* inflammation.
* production of antibody.
* production of interferon.
* activation of complement.
EXCEPT production of antibody
All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT
* they are a type of lymphocyte.
* they are found in tissues of the lymphatic system.
* they have the ability to kill infected body cells and some tumor cells.
* they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis.
* they release toxic substances that cause cell lysis or apoptosis.
EXCEPT they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis.
Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?
* basophils
* eosinophils
* lymphocytes
* monocytes
* neutrophils
eosinophils
Macrophages arise from which of the following?
* basophils
* eosinophils
* lymphocytes
* monocytes
* neutrophils
monocytes
All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?
* diapedesis
* margination
* phagocyte migration
* repair
* vasodilation
vasodilation
Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body
fluid?
* lysozyme – tears and saliva
* mucociliary escalator – intestines
* very acidic pH – stomach
* keratin and tightly packed cells – skin
* cerumen and sebum – ear
MISMATCHED: mucociliary escalator – intestines
What type of immunity results from vaccination?
* innate immunity
* naturally acquired active immunity
* naturally acquired passive immunity
* artificially acquired active immunity
* artificially acquired passive immunity
- artificially acquired active immunity
What type of immunity results from transfer of antibodies from one individual to a susceptible
individual by means of injection?
* innate immunity
* naturally acquired active immunity
* naturally acquired passive immunity
* artificially acquired active immunity
* artificially acquired passive immunity
- artificially acquired passive immunity
What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?
* innate immunity
* naturally acquired active immunity
* naturally acquired passive immunity
* artificially acquired active immunity
* artificially acquired passive immunity
- naturally acquired active immunity
Newborns’ immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta is an example of
* innate immunity.
* naturally acquired active immunity.
* naturally acquired passive immunity.
* artificially acquired active immunity.
* artificially acquired passive immunity.
- naturally acquired passive immunity.
Which of the following cells is NOT an APC?
* dentritic cells
* macrophages
* mature B cells
* natural killer cells
- natural killer cells
CD4+ T cells are activated by:
* interaction between CD4+ and MHC II.
* interaction between TCRs and MHC II.
* cytokines released by dendritic cells.
* cytokines released by B cells.
* complement.
- interaction between CD4+ and MHC II.
Which of the following recognizes antigens displayed on host cells with MHC II?
* TC cell
* B cell
* TH cell
* natural killer cell
* basophil
- TH cell
The specificity of an antibody is due to
* its valence.
* the H chains.
* the L chains.
* the constant portions of the H and L chains.
* the variable portions of the H and L chains.
- the variable portions of the H and L chains.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of B cells?
* They originate in bone marrow.
* They have antibodies on their surfaces.
* They are responsible for the memory response.
* They are responsible for antibody formation.
* They recognize antigens associated with MHC I.
- They DO NOT recognize antigens associated with MHC I.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity?
* The cells originate in bone marrow.
* Cells mature in the thymus gland.
* Response to abnormal cells.
* B cells make antibodies.
* T cells interact with epitopes in MHC molecules.
- B cells make antibodies.
The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is
* IgG.
* IgM.
* IgA.
* IgD.
* IgE.
IgG
Which of the following are NOT lymphocytes?
* cytotoxic T cells
* helper T cells
* NK cells
* M cells
* B cells
- M cells
Which of the following destroys virus-infected cells?
* CTL
* Treg
* TH
* dendritic cells
* B cells
- CTL
Which one of the following causes transmembrane channels in target cells?
* granzymes
* hapten
* IL-1
* IL-2
* perforin
- perforin
Thymic selection
* destroys immature T cells
* destroys B cells that make antibodies against self.
* destroys MHC molecules.
* destroys CD4+ cells that attack self.
* activates B cells.
- destroys immature T cells
In Figure 1, which letter on the graph indicates the patient’s secondary response to a repeated
exposure with the identical antigen?
C
In Figure 1, the arrow at time (d) indicates:
* the time of exposure to the same antigen as at time (a).
* the secondary response.
* the primary response.
* exposure to a new antigen.
* the T-cell response.
exposure to a new antigen
In what way are semisynthetic penicillins and natural penicillins alike?
* Both are broad spectrum.
* Both are resistant to penicillinase.
* Both are resistant to stomach acids.
* Both are bactericidal.
* Both are based on β-lactam.
- Both are based on β-lactam.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) frequently work by
* inhibiting protein synthesis.
* disrupting the plasma membrane.
* complementary base pairing with DNA.
* inhibiting cell-wall synthesis.
* hydrolyzing peptidoglycan.
- disrupting the plasma membrane.
The antimicrobial drugs with the broadest spectrum of activity are
* aminoglycosides.
* chloramphenicol.
* penicillin G.
* macrolides.
* tetracyclines.
tetracyclines