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microb 230 test revision > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which organism is NOT correctly matched to its energy source?
* chemoheterotroph - glucose
* chemoautotroph - Fe2+
* photoautotroph - CO2
* photoheterotroph - light

A

photoautotroph does not use CO2 for energy

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2
Q

Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

A proton gradient allows hydrogen ions to flow back into the cells through transmembrane protein channels, releasing energy that is used to generate ATP.

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3
Q

Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation?

A

the partial oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors

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4
Q

Microorganisms that catabolize sugars into lactic acid and other products (such as CO2) would most likely be categorized as?

answers include various types of respirers and fermenters

A

alcohol fermenters

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5
Q

True or False:
An apoenzyme that loses its coenzyme subunit will be non-functional.

A

True. An apoenzyme that loses its coenzyme subunit will be non-functional.

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6
Q

Which of the following elements is NOT correctly matched with its cellular function?
* phosphorus - produce carbohydrates
* nitrogen - amino acid synthesis
* sulfur - synthesis of amino acids, thiamin, biotin
* phosphorus - nucleic acids
* magnesium and potassium - cofactors for enzymes

A

phosphorus is NOT used for production of carbohydrates

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7
Q

The term aerotolerant anaerobe refers to an organism that

A

does not use oxygen but tolerates it

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8
Q

Most bacteria reproduce by

A

binary fission

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9
Q

Most bacteria grow best at pH of what?

A

7

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10
Q

Patients with indwelling catheters (long-term inserts into an orifice) are susceptible to infections because:

A

biofilms develop on catheters

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11
Q

Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is FALSE.
* generates ATP
* yields less ATP than aerobic respiration
* requires cytochromes
* It involves the reduction of an organic final electron acceptor.
* the complete Krebs cycle is used

A

Anaerobic respiration DOES NOT involve the reduction of an organic final electron receptor.

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12
Q

What is the fate of pyruvic acid in an organism that uses aerobic respiration?

A

It is converted into acetyl CoA.

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13
Q

How would a noncompetitive inhibitor interfere with a reaction involving the enzyme shown in the Figure?

A

It would bind to b.

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14
Q

Which of the graphs in the Figure below best illustrates the activity of an enzyme that is saturated with substrate?

A

a (activity keeps growing)

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15
Q

A bacterium that only possesses the ability to ferment obtains energy by:

Answers include combinations of: aerobic respiration, fermentation, glycolysis, presence of oxygen

A

by glycolysis only.

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16
Q

All of the following are required in the reactions of microbial respiration EXCEPT:

Answers include: cytochromes, electron transport, final electron acceptor, oxygen, source of electrons.

A

oxygen (is NOT required for microbial respiration)

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17
Q

Which of the following uses glucose for carbon and energy?

Answers include types of autotrophs and heterotrophs.

A

chemoheterotroph

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18
Q

Which of the following statements are TRUE?
* Electron carriers are located at ribosomes.

A

False

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19
Q

Which of the following statements are TRUE?
* ATP is common intermediate between catabolic and anabolic pathways.

A

True

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20
Q

Which of the following statements are TRUE?
* ATP is used for the long-term storage of energy and so is often found in storage granules.

A

False

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21
Q

Which of the following statements are TRUE?
* Anaerobic organisms are capable of generating ATP via respiration.

A

True

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22
Q

Which of the following statements are TRUE?
* ATP can be generated by the flow of protons across protein channels.

A

True

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23
Q

Which of the following statements regarding metabolism is FALSE?
* Anabolic reactions are degradative.

A

False

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24
Q

Which of the following statements regarding metabolism is FALSE?
* ADP is formed in anabolic reactions.

A

True

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25
Q

Which of the following statements regarding metabolism is FALSE?
* ATP is formed in catabolic reactions.

A

True

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26
Q

Which of the following statements regarding metabolism is FALSE?
* Heat may be released in both anabolic and catabolic reactions.

A

True

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27
Q

In the figure below where is ATP produced?

A

e

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28
Q

Referring to the Figure blow, in aerobic respiration, where is water formed?

A

d.

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29
Q

In the figure below, the structure labeled 1 is?

A

a plasma membrane

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30
Q

In the figure below, the structure labeled 2 is the flow of?

A

protons

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31
Q

What is the most acidic place in the figure below?

A

a

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32
Q

Using the figure, match the following:
ten-step enzymatically driven process that converts glucose into pyruvic acid.

A

A

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33
Q

Using the figure below, match the following:
Produces the CO2 involved during glucose oxidation.

A

B

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34
Q

Using the figure, match the following:
where the hydrogen atoms removed during the oxidation of food fuels are combined with O2.

A

C

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35
Q

Using the figure, match the following:
contains ATP synthase rotor rings

A

E

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36
Q

Glucose serves as the initial reactant.
* citric acid Krebs cycle
* glycolysis
* chemiosmosis
* electron transport chain

A

glycolysis

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37
Q

Occurs in the cytosol of a cell.
* citric acid Krebs cycle
* glycolysis
* chemiosmosis
* electron transport chain

A

glycolysis

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38
Q

Produces the most ATP.
* citric acid Krebs cycle
* glycolysis
* chemiosmosis
* electron transport chain

A

chemiosmosis

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39
Q

Using the figure, match the following:
ATP formed by oxidative phosphorylation

A

D

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40
Q

Which of the following does not describe enzymes?
* enzymes work by raising the energy of activation

A

False

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41
Q

Which of the following does not describe enzymes?
* Some enzymes are purely protein

A

True

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42
Q

Which of the following does not describe enzymes?
* Each enzyme is chemically specific.

A

True

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43
Q

Which of the following does not describe enzymes?
* Some enzymes are protein plus a cofactor.

A

True

44
Q

Which of the following descriptors is FALSE regarding enzymes?
* They are proteins.

A

True.

45
Q

Which of the following descriptors is FALSE regarding enzymes?
* They lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

A

True.

46
Q

Which of the following descriptors is FALSE regarding enzymes?
* They are consumed during the reaction.

A

FALSE

47
Q

Which of the following descriptors is FALSE regarding enzymes?
* They affect only the rate of a chemical reaction.

A

True

48
Q

Which of the following descriptors is FALSE regarding enzymes?
* They function as biological catalysts

A

True

49
Q

Substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the (blank) sites.

A

active

50
Q

How would the lack of a cofactor for an enzyme affect that enzyme’s function?

A

The enzyme would not be able to function.

51
Q

In microbiology, biochemical tests are used to identify bacteria by detecting?

A

the enzymes

52
Q

Alcohol fermentation produces?

A

ethanol and CO2

53
Q

The electron transport chain system in bacteria occurs where?

A

in the plasma membrane

54
Q

True or false. The Entner-Doudoroff pathway breaks down 5-carbon pentose sugars and/or glucose, produces NADPH, and operates simultaneously with glycolysis.

A

False

55
Q

In the figure below, which line best depicts a facultative anaerobe in the absence of O2?

A

b

56
Q

In the figure below, which line best depicts an obligate anaerobe in the presence of O2?

A

c

57
Q

In the figure below, which line shows the growth of an obligate aerobe incubated anaerobically?

A

c

58
Q

In the figure below, which line best illustrates the growth of a facultative anaerobe incubated aerobically?

A

a

59
Q

In the figure below, which line best depicts a psychrotroph incubated at 0*C?

A

c

60
Q

In the figure, which section(s) shows a growth phase where the number of cells dying equals the number of cells dividing?

A

c

61
Q

In the figure, which section(s) illustrate a logarithmic change in cell numbers?

A

b and d

62
Q

Most fungi grow best at what pH?

A

5

63
Q

In the figure, which tube shows the expected growth pattern for a microaerophile?

A

e

64
Q

In the figure, which tube shows the expected growth pattern for a facultative anaerobe?

A

b

65
Q

The purpose of selective media is?

A

suppression of unwanted microbes; encouraging desired microbes

66
Q

The purpose of reducing media is?

A

growth of obligate anaerobes

67
Q

The purpose of differential media is?

A

differentiation of colonies of desired microbes from others

68
Q

The purpose of enrichment media is?

A

designed to increase numbers of desired microbes to detectable levels

69
Q

which of the below physical requirements for microbial growth is FALSE?
* osmotic pressure, oxygen, pH, temperature

A

oxygen (is not physical)

70
Q

which of the below chemical requirements for microbial growth is FALSE?
* oxygen, organic growth factors, trace elements, pH, carbon

A

pH (is not chemical)

71
Q

Microbes that require high CO2 conditions are called?

A

capnophiles

72
Q

Microbes that require pH conditions ~10 to grow and survive are called?

A

alkaliphiles

73
Q

Microbes that require pH conditions ~2 to grow and survive are called?

A

acidophiles

74
Q

Using the figure, match the following: stationary phase

A

c

75
Q

Using the figure, match the following: death phase

A

d

76
Q

Using the figure, match the following: lag phase

A

a

77
Q

Using the figure, match the following: log phase

A

b

78
Q

A complex polysaccharide, used as a solidifying agent for culture media in petri plates, slants, and deeps, that generally not metabolized by microbes is called what?

A

agar

79
Q

The term used to describe microbial communities, that form a slime or hydrogels which adhere to surfaces, allowing bacteria grow and share nutrients, as well as shelter bacteria from harmful environmental factors is what?

A

biofilms

80
Q

A population of cells arising from a single cell or spore or from a group of attached cells is called what?

A

colony

81
Q

Hypertonic environments (higher in solutes than inside the cell) cause (blank) due to high osmotic pressure?

A

plasmolysis

82
Q

Turbidity test estimates the bacterial number by measurement of (blank) with a spectrophotometer.

A

cloudiness

83
Q

Which method is used in microbiology in order to obtain a pure culture?

A

streak plate method

84
Q

Using the figure, based on the number of colonies present on the last plate (#5), calculate how many bacteria you have in your sample (per ml).

A

300,000/ml

85
Q

The figure below demonstrates a method for cultivating (blank) bacteria on petri dishes.

A

anaerobic

86
Q

Which chemical is used in amino acids, thiamine, and biotin by bacteria?

A

sulfur

87
Q

The figure below describes what?

A

Noncyclic photophosphorylation

88
Q

Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated (in several ways). After incubation there was no growth at 37C and 50C, slight growth out on the benchtop, and abundant growth at refrigeration. What term could be used for this species?

A

psychrophile

89
Q

An organism with a temperature growth range of 45C to 60C would be called what?

A

thermophile

90
Q

Which location would best support the growth of a halophile?
Answers include: freshwater, acid pool, arid soil, hot geyser, salt lakes

A

salt lakes

91
Q

What process produces most of the NADH that contributes to ATP synthesis in the cell?

A

the citric acid cycle

92
Q

A reaction that releases energy is what?

A

exergonic

93
Q

Which of the following is/are true about enzymes?
* enzymes are proteins that can be denatures by changes in pH or temperature

A

True

94
Q

Which of the following is/are true about enzymes?
* enzymes are catalysts that speed up reactions

A

True

95
Q

Which of the following is/are true about enzymes?
* enzymes are highly specific for the substrates they react with and catalyze only one or a limited set of possible reactions with those substrates.

A

True

96
Q

The substrate of an enzyme binds at the (blank site)?

A

active site

97
Q

A nonprotein component of an enzyme that is loosely attached to the protein component is referred to as a(n) what?

A

coenzyme

98
Q

Enzymes catalyze a reaction by (blank)?
Answers describe effects on energy of/by a reaction.

A

decreasing the activation energy of the reaction.

99
Q

When the end products of a pathway inhibits catalysis of the first step of that pathway, this phenomenon is called what?

A

feedback inhibition

100
Q

Which of the following produces the most ATP during aerobic respiration?
* Krebs cycle, glycolysis, substrate level phosphorylation, electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

A

electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

101
Q

Which of the following is produced in largest numbers by the citric acid (Krebs) cycle?
* FADH, ATP, NADH, CO2

A

NADH

102
Q

(blank) refers to the removal of an amino group from an amino acid. One mechanism for this removal is (blank), in which the amino group is transferred to an acceptor molecule.

A

deamination, transamination

103
Q

Photoheterotrophs use (blank) as sources of carbon.

A

organic compounds

104
Q

In cyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons go where?

A

return to chlorophyll

105
Q

Photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria produces what?

A

oxygen

106
Q

Metabolic pathways that function in both anabolism and catabolism are called what?

A

amphibolic

microb 230 test revision (4 decks)

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