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BIO 100 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Heterotrophic definition

A

acquire food by ingestion

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2
Q

Characteristics of Animals (3)

A

1) heterotrophic
2) locomotion (by means of muscles)
3) reproduction (usually sexual)

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3
Q

two types of animal phylums

A

1) invertebrates- lack endoskeleton

2) vertebrates- have endoskeleton

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4
Q

Three types of symmetry

A

1) asymmetrical
2) radical symmetry
3) bilateral symmetry

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5
Q

Asymmetrical definition

A

no specific symmetry (i.e. sponges)

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6
Q

radical symmetry definition

A

circular organization

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7
Q

Bilateral symmetry

A

definite left & right halves

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8
Q

what are the three levels of organization?

A

1) cellular
2) tissue
3) organ

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9
Q

cellular organization

A

no true tissues (sponges)

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10
Q

tissue (organization)

A

have endoderm & ectoderm (cnidarians)

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11
Q

organ (organization)

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm (most organisms)

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12
Q

two types of animals w/ 3 tissue layers

A

1) protostomes

2) deuterostomes

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13
Q

what are protostomes & deuterostomes differentiated by?

A

their development

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14
Q

two types of protostomes

A

1) ecdysozoa - roundworms & arthropods

2) trochozoa - trochophore larvae

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15
Q

two types of deuterostomes

A

echinoderms & chordates

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16
Q

what phylum are sponges in?

A

Phylum Porifera

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17
Q

Characteristics of Phylum Porifera (4)

A

1) multicellular but lack organized tissues
2) filter feeders (sessile)
3) asexual or sexual reproduction
4) classified on basis of their skeleton

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18
Q

cnidarians description

A

____ tissues with ____ germ layers

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19
Q

what are cnidarians named for?

A

their cnidocytes

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20
Q

two basic body forms (cnidarians)

A

1) polyp

2) medusa

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21
Q

what types of animals are cnidarians (3 main types)

A

mostly marine animals

corals, jellyfish, hydrozoans

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22
Q

what is classified as a representative cnidarian

A

hydra

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23
Q

hydra characteristics (3)

A

1) small, tubular polyp
2) freshwater
3) reproduce sexually & asexually

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24
Q

what are three types of trochophores

A

flatworms, molluscs, annelids

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25
Q

free-living flatworms characteristics (3)

A

1) freshwater planarians
2) found in lakes, ponds, and streams
3) reproduce sexually & asexually

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26
Q

what are three parts of the tapeworm

A

1) scolex- hooks for attachment
2) tough outer integument
3) proglottids- body of segments

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27
Q

what is the 2nd most numerous animal phylum

A

phylum mollusca

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28
Q

what kinds of animals does the phylum mollusca include (6)

A

snails, slugs, squids, scallops, clams, octopuses

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29
Q

what do molluscs have (true…)

A

true coelem

30
Q

three germ layers (eme)

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

31
Q

three distinct parts of molluscs

A

1) visceral mass
2) foot
3) mantle

32
Q

arthropods are mostly _____

A

insects

33
Q

characteristics of arthropods (5)

A

1) rigid but jointed exoskeleton
2) segmentation
3) well-developed nervous system
4) variety of respiratory organs
5) reduced competition through metamorphosis

34
Q

what is the cephalothorax composed of (2)

A

head & thorax

35
Q

the abdomen in insects and arachnids contains _____

A

most internal organs

36
Q

cephalothorax has how many pairs of appendages? (in arachnids)

A

six

37
Q

what two diseases do parasites (ticks and mites) transmit

A

1) Rocky Mountain spotted fever

2) Lyme disease

38
Q

characteristics of echinoderms (3)

A

1) marine animals
2) endoskeleton made of calcium-rich plates
3) spines stick out of skin

39
Q

Phylum Chordata characteristics (4)

A

1) notochord
2) dorsal tubular nerve cord
3) pharyngeal pouches
4) postanal tail

40
Q

characteristics of lancelets (3)

A

1) small, knife-shaped bodies
2) segmentation present
3) have all four chordate characteristics as an adult

41
Q

three groups of fishes

A

1) jawless
2) cartilaginous
3) bony

42
Q

vertebrate characteristics

A
  • have all four chordate characteristics at some point in their life
  • embryonic notochord
  • strong, jointed endoskeleton
  • 2 pairs of appendages
  • high degree of cephalization
43
Q

what phylum are jellyfish in

A

phylum cnidaria

44
Q

what kingdom are protostomes & deuterostomes in

A

kingdom Animalia

45
Q

phylum arthropod means _____ ___

A

jointed leg

46
Q

all tarantulas are ______

A

venomous

47
Q

cephalization meaning…

A

head

48
Q

examples of crustaceans

A

barnacles, shrimps, lobsters, crabs, crayfish

49
Q

what are crustaceans named for

A

their hard shells

50
Q

how many pairs of appendages do crustaceans have

A

five (antennae & feeding mouthparts)

51
Q

three body regions of insects

A

1) head
2) thorax
3) abdomen

52
Q

in scorpions, abdomen ends with ______ _____

A

venomous stinger

53
Q

hagfish are _______ while lampreys are ______

A

scavengers; parasitic

54
Q

marsupials are mostly found in ______

A

Australia

55
Q

jawless fish characteristics

A

1) cylindrical body shape
2) no jaws, no paired fins
3) smooth, scaleless skin

56
Q

what three well-developed senses do cartilaginous fishes have

A

1) keen sense of smell
2) lateral line system
3) ability to sense electric currents in the water

57
Q

examples of cartilaginous fishes (3)

A

sharks, skates, rays

58
Q

bony fish characteristics (4)

A

1) most are ray-finned
2) paired fins
3) swim bladder for buoyancy
4) bony scales for protection

59
Q

animals in class Amphibia

A

salamanders, frogs, toads, newts

60
Q

characteristics of amphibians (4)

A

1) four jointed appendages
2) larynx for vocalization
3) eyelids to keep eyes moist
4) ears for picking up sound waves
5) three-chambered heart

61
Q

animals in class Reptilia

A

turtles, crocodiles, snakes, lizards

62
Q

characteristics of reptiles (3)

A

1) all have claws (except for two)
2) body is covered with scales
3) well-developed sense organs

63
Q

more characteristics of reptiles

A

1) well-developed lungs
2) negative pressure breathing (sucks in air from ribcage)
3) three-chambered heart
4) ectothermic (like fish and amphibians)

64
Q

endothermic vs. ectothermic

A

endothermic- creates body temp

ectothermic- body temp regulated by environment (cold-blooded)

65
Q

nearly every anatomical feature of a bird is related to its ____ __ ___

A

ability to fly

66
Q

anatomy & physiology of birds

A
  • forelimbs are wings
  • hollow bones
  • a beak for eating
  • large sternum
  • air sacs
  • endothermic
  • acute sense organs
  • well-developed brain
67
Q

three classifications of mammals

A

1) montremes
2) marsupials
3) placentals

68
Q

two main monotremes (egg-laying mammals)

A

duck-billed platypus & spiny anteater

69
Q

characteristics of primates

A
  • most live in trees
  • opposable thumbs
  • mobile limbs
  • hands & feet have digits
  • large, complex brain
70
Q

primates have one common ancestor: ______

A

prosimians

BIO 100 (6 decks)

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