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BIO 100 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Heterotrophic definition

A

acquire food by ingestion

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2
Q

Characteristics of Animals (3)

A

1) heterotrophic
2) locomotion (by means of muscles)
3) reproduction (usually sexual)

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3
Q

two types of animal phylums

A

1) invertebrates- lack endoskeleton

2) vertebrates- have endoskeleton

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4
Q

Three types of symmetry

A

1) asymmetrical
2) radical symmetry
3) bilateral symmetry

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5
Q

Asymmetrical definition

A

no specific symmetry (i.e. sponges)

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6
Q

radical symmetry definition

A

circular organization

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7
Q

Bilateral symmetry

A

definite left & right halves

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8
Q

what are the three levels of organization?

A

1) cellular
2) tissue
3) organ

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9
Q

cellular organization

A

no true tissues (sponges)

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10
Q

tissue (organization)

A

have endoderm & ectoderm (cnidarians)

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11
Q

organ (organization)

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm (most organisms)

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12
Q

two types of animals w/ 3 tissue layers

A

1) protostomes

2) deuterostomes

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13
Q

what are protostomes & deuterostomes differentiated by?

A

their development

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14
Q

two types of protostomes

A

1) ecdysozoa - roundworms & arthropods

2) trochozoa - trochophore larvae

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15
Q

two types of deuterostomes

A

echinoderms & chordates

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16
Q

what phylum are sponges in?

A

Phylum Porifera

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17
Q

Characteristics of Phylum Porifera (4)

A

1) multicellular but lack organized tissues
2) filter feeders (sessile)
3) asexual or sexual reproduction
4) classified on basis of their skeleton

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18
Q

cnidarians description

A

____ tissues with ____ germ layers

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19
Q

what are cnidarians named for?

A

their cnidocytes

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20
Q

two basic body forms (cnidarians)

A

1) polyp

2) medusa

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21
Q

what types of animals are cnidarians (3 main types)

A

mostly marine animals

corals, jellyfish, hydrozoans

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22
Q

what is classified as a representative cnidarian

A

hydra

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23
Q

hydra characteristics (3)

A

1) small, tubular polyp
2) freshwater
3) reproduce sexually & asexually

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24
Q

what are three types of trochophores

A

flatworms, molluscs, annelids

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25
free-living flatworms characteristics (3)
1) freshwater planarians 2) found in lakes, ponds, and streams 3) reproduce sexually & asexually
26
what are three parts of the tapeworm
1) scolex- hooks for attachment 2) tough outer integument 3) proglottids- body of segments
27
what is the 2nd most numerous animal phylum
phylum mollusca
28
what kinds of animals does the phylum mollusca include (6)
snails, slugs, squids, scallops, clams, octopuses
29
what do molluscs have (true...)
true coelem
30
three germ layers (eme)
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
31
three distinct parts of molluscs
1) visceral mass 2) foot 3) mantle
32
arthropods are mostly _____
insects
33
characteristics of arthropods (5)
1) rigid but jointed exoskeleton 2) segmentation 3) well-developed nervous system 4) variety of respiratory organs 5) reduced competition through metamorphosis
34
what is the cephalothorax composed of (2)
head & thorax
35
the abdomen in insects and arachnids contains _____
most internal organs
36
cephalothorax has how many pairs of appendages? (in arachnids)
six
37
what two diseases do parasites (ticks and mites) transmit
1) Rocky Mountain spotted fever | 2) Lyme disease
38
characteristics of echinoderms (3)
1) marine animals 2) endoskeleton made of calcium-rich plates 3) spines stick out of skin
39
Phylum Chordata characteristics (4)
1) notochord 2) dorsal tubular nerve cord 3) pharyngeal pouches 4) postanal tail
40
characteristics of lancelets (3)
1) small, knife-shaped bodies 2) segmentation present 3) have all four chordate characteristics as an adult
41
three groups of fishes
1) jawless 2) cartilaginous 3) bony
42
vertebrate characteristics
- have all four chordate characteristics at some point in their life - embryonic notochord - strong, jointed endoskeleton - 2 pairs of appendages - high degree of cephalization
43
what phylum are jellyfish in
phylum cnidaria
44
what kingdom are protostomes & deuterostomes in
kingdom Animalia
45
phylum arthropod means _____ ___
jointed leg
46
all tarantulas are ______
venomous
47
cephalization meaning...
head
48
examples of crustaceans
barnacles, shrimps, lobsters, crabs, crayfish
49
what are crustaceans named for
their hard shells
50
how many pairs of appendages do crustaceans have
five (antennae & feeding mouthparts)
51
three body regions of insects
1) head 2) thorax 3) abdomen
52
in scorpions, abdomen ends with ______ _____
venomous stinger
53
hagfish are _______ while lampreys are ______
scavengers; parasitic
54
marsupials are mostly found in ______
Australia
55
jawless fish characteristics
1) cylindrical body shape 2) no jaws, no paired fins 3) smooth, scaleless skin
56
what three well-developed senses do cartilaginous fishes have
1) keen sense of smell 2) lateral line system 3) ability to sense electric currents in the water
57
examples of cartilaginous fishes (3)
sharks, skates, rays
58
bony fish characteristics (4)
1) most are ray-finned 2) paired fins 3) swim bladder for buoyancy 4) bony scales for protection
59
animals in class Amphibia
salamanders, frogs, toads, newts
60
characteristics of amphibians (4)
1) four jointed appendages 2) larynx for vocalization 3) eyelids to keep eyes moist 4) ears for picking up sound waves 5) three-chambered heart
61
animals in class Reptilia
turtles, crocodiles, snakes, lizards
62
characteristics of reptiles (3)
1) all have claws (except for two) 2) body is covered with scales 3) well-developed sense organs
63
more characteristics of reptiles
1) well-developed lungs 2) negative pressure breathing (sucks in air from ribcage) 3) three-chambered heart 4) ectothermic (like fish and amphibians)
64
endothermic vs. ectothermic
endothermic- creates body temp | ectothermic- body temp regulated by environment (cold-blooded)
65
nearly every anatomical feature of a bird is related to its ____ __ ___
ability to fly
66
anatomy & physiology of birds
- forelimbs are wings - hollow bones - a beak for eating - large sternum - air sacs - endothermic - acute sense organs - well-developed brain
67
three classifications of mammals
1) montremes 2) marsupials 3) placentals
68
two main monotremes (egg-laying mammals)
duck-billed platypus & spiny anteater
69
characteristics of primates
- most live in trees - opposable thumbs - mobile limbs - hands & feet have digits - large, complex brain
70
primates have one common ancestor: ______
prosimians

BIO 100 (6 decks)

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