Exam 3

Question 1

What do neurons do

Answer 1

Transmit nerve impulses

Question 2

what does the neuroglia do (3)

Answer 2

Supports neurons, forms myelin sheath, maintains homeostasis

Question 3

what do sensory neurons lead to

Answer 3

sensory receptors

Question 4

what do motor neurons lead to (movement)

Answer 4

skeletal muscles

Question 5

Three parts of the neuron

Answer 5

1) dendrites
2) axon
3) cell body

Question 6

what do dendrites do

Answer 6

receives signals from neurons

Question 7

what does the cell body contain (2)

Answer 7

cell body & other organelles

Question 8

what does the axon do

Answer 8

conducts nerve impulses (away from cell body to neurons)

Question 9

what are the two types of nervous tissue

Answer 9

white & gray matter

Question 10

what are the gaps in the Myelin Sheath called

Answer 10

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 11

what does the myelin sheath do

Answer 11

covers some axons

Question 12

gray matter in brain & spinal cord (where is it located & what does it contain)

Answer 12

brain- outside
spinal cord- inside
nonmyelinated fibers

Question 13

white matter in brain & spinal cord (where is it located & what does it contain)

Answer 13

• inside of brain
• outside of spinal cord
• myelinated axons that run in tracts

Question 14

when does the action potential occur

Answer 14

when a threshold is reached (all or nothing), rapid change in polarity

Question 15

what does a threshold do

Answer 15

creates action potential

Question 16

nonmyelinated axons (how does action potential move through)

Answer 16

slowly moves down axon

Question 17

myelinated axons (how they travel and what they are)

Answer 17

jumps from node to node

gated ion channels made in nodes of Ranvier

Question 18

what are neurons separated by

Answer 18

Synaptic cleft

Question 19

Two types of neurons in synapse

Answer 19

presynaptic- sender

postsynaptic- receiver

Question 20

what does bone surround (2)

Answer 20

brain and spinal cord (CNS)

Question 21

what are protective membranes called that wrap around brain & spinal cord (CNS)

Answer 21

meninges

Question 22

central gray matter in spinal cord has two roots: what are they called

Answer 22

dorsal & ventral roots

Question 23

where do dorsal & ventral roots join

Answer 23

the spinal nerve

Question 24

dorsal vs ventral root (central gray matter)

Answer 24

dorsal- sensory fibers enter

ventral- motor fibers exit

Question 25

what is the largest part of the brain

Answer 25

the cerebrum

Question 26

Four Main Areas of the Brain

Answer 26

1) cerebrum 2) diencephalon 3) cerebellum 4) brain stem

Question 27

what are the two hemispheres in the cerebrum connected by

Answer 27

the corpus callosum

Question 28

what does the cerebral cortex account for/do (3) (CVS)

Answer 28

1) conscious thought 2) voluntary movement 3) sensation

Question 29

three parts of the brain stem

Answer 29

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 30

midbrain is the relay center between _______ and ___________

Answer 30

cerebrum & cerebellum

Question 31

pons is the bridge between _______ and ___________

Answer 31

rest of CNS & cerebellum

Question 32

what is the medulla oblongata the control center for (6)

Answer 32

heartbeat, breathing, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, blood pressure

Question 33

what are the four types of sensory receptors

Answer 33

1) chemo 2) photo 3) mechano 4) thermo

Question 34

chemoreceptors (what 2 senses)

Answer 34

taste & smell

Question 35

mechanoreceptors (MGPH)

Answer 35

motion, hearing, gravity, pressure

Question 36

where are thermoreceptors located (2)

Answer 36

hypothalamus & skin

Question 37

what does somatosensory mean

Answer 37

of the body

Question 38

three types of somatic sensory (MJS)

Answer 38

1) muscles 2) joints 3) skin

Question 39

three types of sensory receptors (PCP)

Answer 39

1) proprioceptors 2) cutaneous receptors 3) pain receptors

Question 40

what are proprioceptors & what do they do

Answer 40

mechanoreceptors involved in reflex action | helps maintain muscle tone

Question 41

where are cutaneous receptors found

Answer 41

in dermis of the skin

Question 42

what are olfactory cells

Answer 42

chemoreceptors found high in nasal cavity (taste & smell)

Question 43

two functions of the lens

Answer 43

1) focuses light rays onto retina | 2) visual accommodation

Question 44

rod cells (what are they for) (2)

Answer 44

1) night vision + peripheral vision | 2) perception of movement

Question 45

rod vs cone cells (response to light)

Answer 45

rod cells- sensitive to light | cone cells- activated by bright light

Question 46

three different kinds of cones

Answer 46

blue, red, green

Question 47

what does the retina contain

Answer 47

sensory receptors for sight

Question 48

two functions of the ear

Answer 48

hearing & balance

Question 49

what do peptide hormones work with to enter a cell

Answer 49

receptor proteins

Question 50

where are epinephrine & norepinephrine secreted

Answer 50

The Adrenal Medulla

Question 51

thyroid gland requires _____ to produce T3 & T4

Answer 51

iodine

Question 52

what system produces hormones & helps coordinate organ systems

Answer 52

endocrine

Question 53

presynaptic neuron known as: ______ | postsynaptic neuron known as: _______

Answer 53

sender; receiver

Question 54

what is the endocrine & nervous system connected by

Answer 54

the hypothalamus

Question 55

what does the hypothalamus do & where is it located

Answer 55

controls pituitary gland & found in diencephalon

Question 56

gland responsible for producing melatonin

Answer 56

pineal gland

Question 57

what gland is involved with the maturation of T-lymphocytes

Answer 57

thymus gland