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BIO 100 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do neurons do

A

Transmit nerve impulses

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2
Q

what does the neuroglia do (3)

A

Supports neurons, forms myelin sheath, maintains homeostasis

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3
Q

what do sensory neurons lead to

A

sensory receptors

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4
Q

what do motor neurons lead to (movement)

A

skeletal muscles

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5
Q

Three parts of the neuron

A

1) dendrites
2) axon
3) cell body

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6
Q

what do dendrites do

A

receives signals from neurons

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7
Q

what does the cell body contain (2)

A

cell body & other organelles

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8
Q

what does the axon do

A

conducts nerve impulses (away from cell body to neurons)

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9
Q

what are the two types of nervous tissue

A

white & gray matter

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10
Q

what are the gaps in the Myelin Sheath called

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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11
Q

what does the myelin sheath do

A

covers some axons

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12
Q

gray matter in brain & spinal cord (where is it located & what does it contain)

A

brain- outside
spinal cord- inside
nonmyelinated fibers

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13
Q

white matter in brain & spinal cord (where is it located & what does it contain)

A
  • inside of brain
  • outside of spinal cord
  • myelinated axons that run in tracts
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14
Q

when does the action potential occur

A

when a threshold is reached (all or nothing), rapid change in polarity

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15
Q

what does a threshold do

A

creates action potential

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16
Q

nonmyelinated axons (how does action potential move through)

A

slowly moves down axon

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17
Q

myelinated axons (how they travel and what they are)

A

jumps from node to node

gated ion channels made in nodes of Ranvier

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18
Q

what are neurons separated by

A

Synaptic cleft

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19
Q

Two types of neurons in synapse

A

presynaptic- sender

postsynaptic- receiver

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20
Q

what does bone surround (2)

A

brain and spinal cord (CNS)

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21
Q

what are protective membranes called that wrap around brain & spinal cord (CNS)

A

meninges

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22
Q

central gray matter in spinal cord has two roots: what are they called

A

dorsal & ventral roots

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23
Q

where do dorsal & ventral roots join

A

the spinal nerve

24
Q

dorsal vs ventral root (central gray matter)

A

dorsal- sensory fibers enter

ventral- motor fibers exit

25
Q

what is the largest part of the brain

A

the cerebrum

26
Q

Four Main Areas of the Brain

A

1) cerebrum
2) diencephalon
3) cerebellum
4) brain stem

27
Q

what are the two hemispheres in the cerebrum connected by

A

the corpus callosum

28
Q

what does the cerebral cortex account for/do (3) (CVS)

A

1) conscious thought
2) voluntary movement
3) sensation

29
Q

three parts of the brain stem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

30
Q

midbrain is the relay center between _______ and ___________

A

cerebrum & cerebellum

31
Q

pons is the bridge between _______ and ___________

A

rest of CNS & cerebellum

32
Q

what is the medulla oblongata the control center for (6)

A

heartbeat, breathing, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, blood pressure

33
Q

what are the four types of sensory receptors

A

1) chemo
2) photo
3) mechano
4) thermo

34
Q

chemoreceptors (what 2 senses)

A

taste & smell

35
Q

mechanoreceptors (MGPH)

A

motion, hearing, gravity, pressure

36
Q

where are thermoreceptors located (2)

A

hypothalamus & skin

37
Q

what does somatosensory mean

A

of the body

38
Q

three types of somatic sensory (MJS)

A

1) muscles
2) joints
3) skin

39
Q

three types of sensory receptors (PCP)

A

1) proprioceptors
2) cutaneous receptors
3) pain receptors

40
Q

what are proprioceptors & what do they do

A

mechanoreceptors involved in reflex action

helps maintain muscle tone

41
Q

where are cutaneous receptors found

A

in dermis of the skin

42
Q

what are olfactory cells

A

chemoreceptors found high in nasal cavity (taste & smell)

43
Q

two functions of the lens

A

1) focuses light rays onto retina

2) visual accommodation

44
Q

rod cells (what are they for) (2)

A

1) night vision + peripheral vision

2) perception of movement

45
Q

rod vs cone cells (response to light)

A

rod cells- sensitive to light

cone cells- activated by bright light

46
Q

three different kinds of cones

A

blue, red, green

47
Q

what does the retina contain

A

sensory receptors for sight

48
Q

two functions of the ear

A

hearing & balance

49
Q

what do peptide hormones work with to enter a cell

A

receptor proteins

50
Q

where are epinephrine & norepinephrine secreted

A

The Adrenal Medulla

51
Q

thyroid gland requires _____ to produce T3 & T4

A

iodine

52
Q

what system produces hormones & helps coordinate organ systems

A

endocrine

53
Q

presynaptic neuron known as: ______

postsynaptic neuron known as: _______

A

sender; receiver

54
Q

what is the endocrine & nervous system connected by

A

the hypothalamus

55
Q

what does the hypothalamus do & where is it located

A

controls pituitary gland & found in diencephalon

56
Q

gland responsible for producing melatonin

A

pineal gland

57
Q

what gland is involved with the maturation of T-lymphocytes

A

thymus gland

BIO 100 (6 decks)

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