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BIO 100 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

epithelial tissue function

A

cover body surfaces & lines cavities

consists of tightly packed cells that form a continuous layer

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2
Q

connective tissue

A

supports & binds body parts

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3
Q

Muscular tissue function

A

moves the body and its parts

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4
Q

nervous tissue

A

receives stimuli, processes information, conducts impulses

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5
Q

what is the smallest unit of life?

A

cell

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6
Q

what is a tissue?

A

group of similar cells that perform a particular function

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7
Q

what do several tissues join together to form?

A

an organ

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8
Q

organs work together to form an

A

organ system

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9
Q

hierarchy of levels

A

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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10
Q

what is a tissue composed of?

A

similarly specialized cells that perform a common function in the body​

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11
Q

four types of tissues

A

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

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12
Q

two types of glands

A

endocrine & exocrine

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13
Q

exocrine glands secrete products into _____

A

ducts

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14
Q

endocrine glands secrete products into ______

A

bloodstream

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15
Q

what is both a endocrine and exocrine gland?

A

pancreas

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16
Q

functions of connective tissue

A

binds organs together, produces blood cells, stores fat, provides support and protection

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17
Q

2 components of blood w/ percentages of volume

A

plasma- 55%
formed elements- 45%

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18
Q

what is the function of red blood cells?

A

transport of oxygen w/ hemoglobin

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19
Q

what is the function of white blood cells?

A

fights infection

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20
Q

what are platelets?

A

Cell fragments involved with blood clotting​

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21
Q

types of muscle tissues (3)

A

Skeletal​
Smooth (visceral)​
Cardiac

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22
Q

function of neurons

A

conduct impulses

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23
Q

3 parts of a neuron

A

cell body
dendrites
axon

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24
Q

2 main types of cavities

A

ventral & dorsal

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25
Q

what makes up the dorsal cavity? (2)

A

brain (cranial cavity) & spinal cord (vertebral canal)

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26
Q

3 parts of the ventral cavity?

A

thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

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27
Q

thoracic cavity is made up of? (2)

A

lungs & heart

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28
Q

abdominal cavity is made up of? (5)

A

Stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, and most of the small and large intestines​

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29
Q

pelvic cavity is made up of? (3)

A

Bladder, rectum, internal reproductive organs​

30
Q

three types of blood vessels

A

veins, arteries, capillaries

31
Q

arteries vs veins

A

arteries- carry blood away from heart
veins- carry blood to heart

32
Q

what are the four chambers of the heart?

A

right and left atrium
right and left ventricle

33
Q

what separates the right and left sides of the heart?

A

septum

34
Q

two circuits of the cardiovascular system?

A

pulmonary & systemic

35
Q

what is the function of the pulmonary circuit?

A

Circulates blood through the lungs

36
Q

what is the function of the systemic circuit?

A

Circulates blood through the rest of the body​

37
Q

3 components of formed elements in the blood

A

white & red blood cells and platelets

38
Q

what is plasma?

A

inorganic and organic substances dissolved or suspended in water​
-liquid portion of blood

39
Q

what do plasma proteins do?

A

Transport of substances, blood clotting, fighting disease​
Help maintain blood volume

40
Q

two parts of cell body

A

cytoplasma & nucleus

41
Q

two types of digestion

A

mechanical & chemical

42
Q

what step does digestion start with?

A

mastication- chewing of food in mouth

43
Q

function of pharynx

A

Receives air from the nasal cavities and food from the mouth​

44
Q

function of liver

A

Acts as a gatekeeper for the blood

45
Q

what organ produces bile?

A

liver

45
Q

largest gland in the body

A

liver

46
Q

function of large intestine

A

Stores indigestible materials until it can be eliminated​

Absorbs water, salts, and some vitamins​

47
Q

what type of cells produce mucus

A

Goblet cells!

48
Q

four layers of the digestive tract

A

mucosa, submucosa, serosa, muscularis

49
Q

what do capillaries do?

A

permit exchange of materials with tissues​

50
Q

3 layers of an artery

A

endothelium, middle layer, outer layer

51
Q

what layer of the artery contains smooth muscle?

A

middle layer

52
Q

what type of tissue does the outer layer contain?

A

fibrous and loose tissue

53
Q

endothelium

A

Inner layer - simple squamous epithelium

54
Q

what serves as a blood reservoir?

A

veins

55
Q

the vermiform appendix plays a role in _______ _________

A

fighting infection

56
Q

Adipose is found in what major tissue group?

A

connective tissue

57
Q

3 accessory organs of digestion

A

pancreas, liver, gallbladder

58
Q

what organ stores extra bile?

A

gallbladder

59
Q

what organ system is responsible for transporting blood, nutrients, gases and wastes

A

cardiovascular system

60
Q

what muscle tissues are involuntary?

A

smooth & cardiac

61
Q

what keeps the lungs and heart in place?

A

diaphragm

62
Q

smooth muscle is mostly present in what part of the digestive tract?

A

small intestine

63
Q

what is the thickest layer of the artery? (and contains smooth muscle)

A

middle layer

64
Q

what is the duodenum?

A

first 25 centimeters of the small intestine

65
Q

function of the duodenum

A

receives bile from liver and pancreatic juice from the pancreas​ (for digestion)

66
Q

two parts of the roof of the mouth

A

soft and hard palate

67
Q

3 parts of the heart

A

myocardium, pericardium, endocardium

68
Q

major portion of the heart

A

myocardium

69
Q

serous membrane that surrounds the heart​

A

pericardium

BIO 100 (6 decks)

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