Exam 3-Unit 11:Intro to Orthotics/Anatomical Principles/Materials Flashcards
Define Orthosis
A custom molded, fitted, & prefabricated orthosis fabricated and/or dispensed by therapists
CPT codes: HCPCS Level_?
Level 1.
Developed by the AMA & includes codes such as Therapeutic Exercise (97110).
Wrist Hand orthotics code?
L3906 WHO (C/F)
Where were the First Orthotics developed?
Egypt.
Later, in WWII, Hand Splinting became important by Dr. Sterling Bunnell.
When did Splints & Orthotics first become commercially available?
First used for Function?
1940s
1950s–Polio
When did Low Temp Thermoplastics first develop?
1960s
When did the American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT) first establish?
1977
When did the Certified Hand Therapist (CHT) develop? Who developed it?
1989
By the Hand Therapist Certification Commission (HTCC)
Orthotics should always be _______ of the body part (on the sides)
1/2 the width of the body part, increasing the area of force application.
How can pressure be decreased, increasing comfort of wearing orthotic?
Make the orthotic Wider, increasing the area of force application.
& make the orthotic Longer, increasing the mechanical advantage.
What are force systems?
2 & 3 point pressure orthotic designs
What is the optimal line of pull? A.k.a., the optimal rotational force.
If greater or less than the optimal measure, what can this cause?
90°
If greater or less than 90°, can cause a shearing or compressive force.
Orthotics should be ______ of the forearm.
2/3 the length, increasing mechanical advantage.
Mechanical advantage of a lever system is defined by…
The relationship between the length of the effort arm (EA) and the length of the resistance arm (RA).
How does the force adjust if the location it is applied is further away from the fulcrum, or joint?
The force required increases the greater the distance from the fulcrum or joint.
(Torque effect)
When utilizing a mobilization orthotic, the process of ensuring that proximal & distal joints are appropriately stabilized is called what?
Control reaction at secondary joints.
In a 3-point pressure system the ______ reciprocal pressure equals the sum of the proximal & distal forces.
Middle.
What component of orthotics supports “pull” from traction devices?
Outriggers.
If the 90° line of pull is to be maintained, as joint motion changes, what else must change?
Outrigger
The process of incorporating articulated components involves what?
Carefully aligning the orthotic joints/hinges with the corresponding anatomical joints.
Contouring material does what to the orthotic?
Increases the strength of the orthotic.
What techniques eliminate friction when wearing orthotic?
1) Designing orthotics in accordance to key skin creases = doesn’t impede desired joint motion.
2) Ensure straps are wide enough to avoid orthotic migration/slippage.
–Wider straps also help distribute force.
If you _____ the RA, the _____ force is required to support a joint.
If you lengthen the RA, less force required.
If you shorten the RA, more force is required.
What muscles are required for upward rotation–scapulohumeral?
Upper traps
Serratus anterior
Lower traps
