Exam 3-Unit 11:Intro to Orthotics/Anatomical Principles/Materials Flashcards

1
Q

Define Orthosis

A

A custom molded, fitted, & prefabricated orthosis fabricated and/or dispensed by therapists

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2
Q

CPT codes: HCPCS Level_?

A

Level 1.
Developed by the AMA & includes codes such as Therapeutic Exercise (97110).

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3
Q

Wrist Hand orthotics code?

A

L3906 WHO (C/F)

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4
Q

Where were the First Orthotics developed?

A

Egypt.

Later, in WWII, Hand Splinting became important by Dr. Sterling Bunnell.

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5
Q

When did Splints & Orthotics first become commercially available?

First used for Function?

A

1940s

1950s–Polio

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6
Q

When did Low Temp Thermoplastics first develop?

A

1960s

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7
Q

When did the American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT) first establish?

A

1977

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8
Q

When did the Certified Hand Therapist (CHT) develop? Who developed it?

A

1989

By the Hand Therapist Certification Commission (HTCC)

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9
Q

Orthotics should always be _______ of the body part (on the sides)

A

1/2 the width of the body part, increasing the area of force application.

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10
Q

How can pressure be decreased, increasing comfort of wearing orthotic?

A

Make the orthotic Wider, increasing the area of force application.

& make the orthotic Longer, increasing the mechanical advantage.

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11
Q

What are force systems?

A

2 & 3 point pressure orthotic designs

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12
Q

What is the optimal line of pull? A.k.a., the optimal rotational force.

If greater or less than the optimal measure, what can this cause?

A

90°

If greater or less than 90°, can cause a shearing or compressive force.

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13
Q

Orthotics should be ______ of the forearm.

A

2/3 the length, increasing mechanical advantage.

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14
Q

Mechanical advantage of a lever system is defined by…

A

The relationship between the length of the effort arm (EA) and the length of the resistance arm (RA).

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15
Q

How does the force adjust if the location it is applied is further away from the fulcrum, or joint?

A

The force required increases the greater the distance from the fulcrum or joint.
(Torque effect)

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16
Q

When utilizing a mobilization orthotic, the process of ensuring that proximal & distal joints are appropriately stabilized is called what?

A

Control reaction at secondary joints.

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17
Q

In a 3-point pressure system the ______ reciprocal pressure equals the sum of the proximal & distal forces.

A

Middle.

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18
Q

What component of orthotics supports “pull” from traction devices?

A

Outriggers.

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19
Q

If the 90° line of pull is to be maintained, as joint motion changes, what else must change?

A

Outrigger

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20
Q

The process of incorporating articulated components involves what?

A

Carefully aligning the orthotic joints/hinges with the corresponding anatomical joints.

21
Q

Contouring material does what to the orthotic?

A

Increases the strength of the orthotic.

22
Q

What techniques eliminate friction when wearing orthotic?

A

1) Designing orthotics in accordance to key skin creases = doesn’t impede desired joint motion.
2) Ensure straps are wide enough to avoid orthotic migration/slippage.
–Wider straps also help distribute force.

23
Q

If you _____ the RA, the _____ force is required to support a joint.

A

If you lengthen the RA, less force required.

If you shorten the RA, more force is required.

24
Q

What muscles are required for upward rotation–scapulohumeral?

A

Upper traps
Serratus anterior
Lower traps

25
What muscles are required for downward rotation–scapulohumeral?
Levator scapulae Rhomboids Pec minor
26
Shoulder flexion prime movers?
Anterior deltoid (Axillary n.) Clavicular pectoralis
27
Shoulder extension prime movers?
Posterior deltoid (Axillary n.) Latissimus dorsi (Thoracodorsal n.) Teres major (Lower subscapular n.) Pectoralis major (Lateral & medial pectoral n.)
28
Shoulder hyperextension prime movers?
Posterior deltoid (Axillary n.) Latissimus dorsi (Thoracodorsal n.)
29
Shoulder abduction prime movers?
Deltoid Supraspinatus (Subscapular n.)
30
Shoulder adduction prime movers?
Pec major Teres major (Lower subscapular n.) Latissimus dorsi (Thoracodorsal n.)
31
Shoulder horizontal abduction prime movers?
Posterior deltoid (Axillary n.) Infraspinatus (Subscapular n.) Teres minor (Axillary n.)
32
Shoulder horizontal adduction prime movers?
Anterior deltoid (Axillary n.) Pec major (Lateral & medial pectoral n.)
33
Shoulder external rotation prime movers?
Posterior deltoid (Axillary n.) Teres minor (Axillary n.) Infraspinatus (Subscapular n.)
34
Shoulder internal rotation prime movers?
Anterior deltoid Pec major (Lateral & medial pectoral n.) Teres major (Lower subscapular n.) Subscapularis (Upper & lower subscapular n.) Latissimus dorsi (Thoracodorsal n.)
35
Innervation of Coracobrachialis, Biceps, & Brachialis?
Musculocutaneous n.
36
What kind of joint is the Scapulothoracic joint?
Pseudo joint
37
Carrying angle? Men's & Women's?
Results from trochlea extending further than capitulum. Men: -5° Women: 10-15°
38
Humeroulnar joint: formed by? Function? Type of joint?
Formed by trochlea & trochlear notch of the ulna. Functions: Flexion & Extension. Type: Hinge joint
39
Humeroradial joint: formed by? Function? Type of joint?
Formed by the capitulum & radial head. Functions: Supination & pronation. Type: Hinge joint
40
Elbow flexion prime mover?
Biceps, Brachialis, Brachioradialis
41
TFCC function?
Major stabilizer of the ulnar carpus & distal radio ulnar joint Absorbs 20% of the axial load across wrist joint–"shock absorber"
42
Elbow extension prime mover?
Triceps
43
Forearm pronation & supination prime movers?
Pronation: Pronator teres & pronator quadratus Supination: Biceps & Supinator
44
Carpal bones: Proximal row
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform
45
Carpal bones: Distal row
Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
46
Volar angulation?
11° tilt (more flexion than extension)
47
CMC joint of 2nd & 3rd digit…
No motion; stable joint.
48
CMC joint of 4th & 5th digit…
20-40 degrees of flexion. –Allows "cupping" of the hand.
49
*80*
*80*