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Methods II > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is pain?

A

An unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

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2
Q

What impact does pain have on an individual?

A
  • Limits participation in ADLs
  • Limits function
  • Limits ROM & strength
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3
Q

Managing pain enhances:

A
  • Healing of soft tissue
  • ROM & strength
  • Functional tasks
  • Participation in ADLs
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4
Q

What is the most common reason for seeking medical attention?

A

Pain

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5
Q

What can pain symptoms contribute to?

A
  • Structural deficits
  • Protective guarding
  • Anxiety/decreased sleep
  • Edema
  • Joint stiffness
  • Tissue shortening
  • Poor positioning (posture)
  • Compensatory movements
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6
Q

Pain symptoms are related to…

A
  • Trauma
  • Injured tissue
  • Inflammation
  • Muscular/neurological conditions
  • Degenerative disease
  • Pathological conditions
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7
Q

What is the function of pain?

A

It serves as a protective factor, protecting the body from injury.

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8
Q

PAMS control pain in what ways?

A
  • Inhibiting inflammatory response
  • Altering nerve conduction
  • Increasing endorphin levels
  • Inhibiting pain transmission at SC
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9
Q

Advantages of PAMs are?

A
  • Fewer & less severe side effects than pharmacological agents
  • Don’t cause sedation & allow continued work & driving
  • PAMs can be used in conjunction w/ home exercises
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10
Q

OT goals related to pain?

A
  • Diminish/resolve pain symptoms
  • Understand pathology causing pain
  • Modify pts perception of discomfort
  • Maximize function within pts limitations
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11
Q

Which stage of pain are PAMs most effective for treating?

A

Acute

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12
Q

How long does Acute pain last for?

A

Typically less than 6 months.
If more, = chronic pain.

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13
Q

What are standard treatment Goals for Acute pain?

A
  • Reduce inflammation
  • Facilitate resolution of pain
  • Modify transmission of pain from peripheral system to CNS
  • Educate pt of pain management techniques
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14
Q

What are the pre reqs for Chronic pain?

A
  • Persists beyond “normal” healing times.
  • Starts as Acute pain
  • Lasts longer than 3-6 months
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15
Q

When pain is experienced in a region another, separate location of tissue damage, what type of pain?

A

Referred pain

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16
Q

What type of fibers are in Nociceptors?

A

C fibers: small unmyelinated fibers. (80%)

Delta fibers: small, myelinated fibers (20%)

17
Q

What type of pain is experienced through Nociceptor fibers?

A

C fibers: Slow, chronic pain.

Delta fibers: Fast, acute pain.

18
Q

What is the Gate Control Theory?

A

Analgesic effect:

PAMs partially control pain by activating non-nociceptive sensory nerves.

  • Inhibiting the activation of pain-transmitting cells closes the gate to pain.
19
Q

What are the different types or pain and what do they typically feel like?

A
  • Acute pain: Fast & sharp.
  • Chronic pain: Slow, prolonged.
  • Referred pain: Pain is experienced in another region separate from the origin. E.g., joint to joint, peripheral n. to distal innervation, organ to musculoskeletal tissue.
20
Q

What is the role of Histamine?

A

Inflammatory response–Mediator of Itching.

21
Q

What are the effects of heat modalities?

A

Increases:
* Blood flow (beneficial for Ischemia)
* Metabolism
* Oxygen consumption
*Capillary permeability
* Inflammation (acute injury within last 24-72 hrs)
* Muscle contraction velocity
* Nerve conduction velocity (beneficial for healing nerves)
* Pain threshold = Analgesic effect, decreasing nerve conduction velocity (Gate Theory)
* Elasticity, extensibility, flexibility of tissues

Decreases:
* Fluid viscosity (thickness)–increasing blood flow.
* Pain: Soothing, calming.
* Muscle spasms.

22
Q

What are the effects of cold modalities?

A

Has an Analgesic effect–decreasing nerve conduction velocity.

  • Increases viscosity (thickens)
  • Causes Vasoconstriction (hypodynamic) = increasing BP
  • Increases pain threshold
  • Decreases inflammatory response
  • Decrease edema

Methods II (7 decks)

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