Exam 3- The Role of Peers

Question 1

What’s a peer?

Answer 1

*Typically grouped by age- age grading
*Consideration of proximity
*Peer group

Question 2

What’s the difference between peers and friends?

Answer 2

Peer: similarity in demographics; know someone but not very well

Friend: Choose to spend time with; similar clubs and interests

Question 3

What is solitary play?

Answer 3

*child plays alone
*unaware of other children nearby

Question 4

What is onlooker play?

Answer 4

Child watches other child play

Question 5

What is parallel play?

Answer 5

Children play in a similar way but not together

Question 6

What is associative play?

Answer 6

*children interact
*sharing materials or activities but no turn taking

Question 7

What is cooperative play?

Answer 7

*children play together
*creation of socio-dramatic play-based games

Question 8

The role of gender includes what aspects?

Answer 8

*Awareness of social implications of gender
*awareness of gender discrimination
*peer groups

Question 9

What are some benefits of friendships across development?

Answer 9

better social adjustment
better self esteem
feelings of belongingness
academic success

Question 10

What is Homophily?

Answer 10

Tend to seek children that is the same to themselves

Question 11

What are some concerns with early childhood friendships?

Answer 11

*Maximize excitement, entertainment, enjoyment through play

Communication: coordinate play; talk about activities

Emotional development: managing arousal during interaction

Question 12

What are some concerns with middle childhood friendships?

Answer 12

Concerns: peer inclusion

Communication: beginning of negative gossip

Emotional development: Acquire rules to show feelings

Question 13

What are the qualities of a strong friendship?

Answer 13

Dyadic: not one sided
Highest levels of:
*prosocial behavior
*shared interests
*loyalty
*intimacy
Lowest levels of:
*conflict
*rivalry
*mistrust

Question 14

What are some reasons for friendships ending?

Answer 14

*Jealousy
*incompatibility
*intimacy- rule violations
*aggression

Question 15

What affects peer attendance?

Answer 15

*Behavior
*biological predisposition-temperament
*socio-cognitive skills
*goals
*physical appearance

Question 16

What is sociometric popularity?

Answer 16

how well-liked the individual is
-linked to social skills

Question 17

What is perceived popularity?

Answer 17

How much status the individual has
-determined by norms
-ever changing

Question 18

What is aggressive within the unpopularity and behavior?

Answer 18

Rejected-disliked because of their aggression

Question 19

What is withdrawn within the unpopularity and behavior?

Answer 19

rejected- disliked because of shyness

Question 20

What is temperament?

Answer 20

*aggressive
*hyperactive
*withdrawn

Question 21

What aspects of Social-knowledge?

Answer 21

*pragmatic language
*social skills
*theory of mind

Question 22

What is the hostile attribution bias?

Answer 22

*Searching for evidence of hostile intent in others
*self-fulfilling prophecy risk

Question 23

What are communal goals?

Answer 23

prosocial behavior

Question 24

What are domineering goals?

Answer 24

Coercive behavior

Question 25

What are lost-cost goals?

Answer 25

Avoidant behaviors

Question 26

What are the 4 key types of bullying?

Answer 26

*physical *Verbal *relational *cyberbullying

Question 27

What important factors to consider reacting to peer rejection?

Answer 27

*Clarify *identity of rejector * rejected child's personality/self-concept *rejected child's response *social support *consistency

Question 28

What are some effects of bullying?

Answer 28

*impaired social understanding * lower academic achievements *relationship difficulties

Question 29

What assists with stopping bullying?

Answer 29

*Friendships *Parental communication and awareness *Teacher awareness *awareness of differences in individuals

Question 30

What does modelling mean?

Answer 30

Demonstration of important qualities of relationships Ex: of positive behavior and conflict resolution

Question 31

What aspects can assist with prevention of bullying?

Answer 31

Encouragement Social organizations Forming friendships Proximity social skills

Question 32

What are some aspects of development of social skills?

Answer 32

*Attention & Concentration *language *play skills *self-regulated *executive functioning *planning

Question 33

What are 2 key components of development of social skills?

Answer 33

*individual social skills and awareness *others perceptions of individual social skills and awareness

Question 34

What are friendships based on?

Answer 34

Matching Flexibility

Question 35

What is social surrogacy?

Answer 35

Often a socially-confident individual with a less confident individual Extraversion/Introversion

Question 36

What aspects are involved in a child world?

Answer 36

*Own system with children your age *generationally *Community

Question 37

What aspects are involved with child culture?

Answer 37

Unwritten rules of childhood that are based from generation to generation includes: games, languages, morals, social skills