Exam 3- The Role of Peers Flashcards
What’s a peer?
*Typically grouped by age- age grading
*Consideration of proximity
*Peer group
What’s the difference between peers and friends?
Peer: similarity in demographics; know someone but not very well
Friend: Choose to spend time with; similar clubs and interests
What is solitary play?
*child plays alone
*unaware of other children nearby
What is onlooker play?
Child watches other child play
What is parallel play?
Children play in a similar way but not together
What is associative play?
*children interact
*sharing materials or activities but no turn taking
What is cooperative play?
*children play together
*creation of socio-dramatic play-based games
The role of gender includes what aspects?
*Awareness of social implications of gender
*awareness of gender discrimination
*peer groups
What are some benefits of friendships across development?
better social adjustment
better self esteem
feelings of belongingness
academic success
What is Homophily?
Tend to seek children that is the same to themselves
What are some concerns with early childhood friendships?
*Maximize excitement, entertainment, enjoyment through play
Communication: coordinate play; talk about activities
Emotional development: managing arousal during interaction
What are some concerns with middle childhood friendships?
Concerns: peer inclusion
Communication: beginning of negative gossip
Emotional development: Acquire rules to show feelings
What are the qualities of a strong friendship?
Dyadic: not one sided
Highest levels of:
*prosocial behavior
*shared interests
*loyalty
*intimacy
Lowest levels of:
*conflict
*rivalry
*mistrust
What are some reasons for friendships ending?
*Jealousy
*incompatibility
*intimacy- rule violations
*aggression
What affects peer attendance?
*Behavior
*biological predisposition-temperament
*socio-cognitive skills
*goals
*physical appearance
What is sociometric popularity?
how well-liked the individual is
-linked to social skills
What is perceived popularity?
How much status the individual has
-determined by norms
-ever changing
What is aggressive within the unpopularity and behavior?
Rejected-disliked because of their aggression
What is withdrawn within the unpopularity and behavior?
rejected- disliked because of shyness
What is temperament?
*aggressive
*hyperactive
*withdrawn
What aspects of Social-knowledge?
*pragmatic language
*social skills
*theory of mind
What is the hostile attribution bias?
*Searching for evidence of hostile intent in others
*self-fulfilling prophecy risk
What are communal goals?
prosocial behavior
What are domineering goals?
Coercive behavior
What are lost-cost goals?
Avoidant behaviors
What are the 4 key types of bullying?
*physical
*Verbal
*relational
*cyberbullying
What important factors to consider reacting to peer rejection?
*Clarify
*identity of rejector
* rejected child’s personality/self-concept
*rejected child’s response
*social support
*consistency
What are some effects of bullying?
*impaired social understanding
* lower academic achievements
*relationship difficulties
What assists with stopping bullying?
*Friendships
*Parental communication and awareness
*Teacher awareness
*awareness of differences in individuals
What does modelling mean?
Demonstration of important qualities of relationships
Ex: of positive behavior and conflict resolution
What aspects can assist with prevention of bullying?
Encouragement
Social organizations
Forming friendships
Proximity
social skills
What are some aspects of development of social skills?
*Attention & Concentration
*language
*play skills
*self-regulated
*executive functioning
*planning
What are 2 key components of development of social skills?
*individual social skills and awareness
*others perceptions of individual social skills and awareness
What are friendships based on?
Matching
Flexibility
What is social surrogacy?
Often a socially-confident individual with a less confident individual
Extraversion/Introversion
What aspects are involved in a child world?
*Own system with children your age
*generationally
*Community
What aspects are involved with child culture?
Unwritten rules of childhood that are based from generation to generation
includes: games, languages, morals, social skills
