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Child Psyc > Exam 3: Family Environmental > Flashcards

Exam 3: Family Environmental Flashcards

1
Q

What does a Nuclear Family consist of?

A

Family group of parents and their children
-mother
-father
-bio children

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2
Q

Name 3 types of families we see today

A

Single Parent Families
Two parent families
blended families
divorced families
adopted families
foster families
extended families

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3
Q

What is a found/chosen family?

A

A group of (mostly) unrelated people forming their own family
*Based on shared experiences and understanding of each other

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4
Q

What is parenting used for?

A

Teaching child socialization
Disciplining child
modelling for child

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5
Q

What are the four types of Parenting styles?

A

Authoritative
Authoritarian
Permissive
Uninvolved

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6
Q

Characteristics of Authoritative Parenting

A

High demanding
high responsivity
Firm enforcers of expectations

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7
Q

What are the two dimensions of parenting?

A

warm & responsivity
Parent Control & demandingness

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of Authoritarian Parenting?

A

High demandingness
Low Responsivity
Obedience and authority
Through power and use of threats
Low self-confidence and self regulation outcomes

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of Permissive Parenting?

A

Low demandingness
High responsiveness

High risk for impulsivity and criminality in children
Lack of self-regulation

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10
Q

What are the characteristics for Uninvolved Parenting?

A

Low demandingness
low responsivity

Doesn’t set limits
high risk for abuse and neglect

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11
Q

What is Reinforcement?

A

encouraging behaviors that lead to favorable outcomes

Positive/negative reinforcement

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12
Q

What is punishment?

A

Suppressing behaviors that result in unfavorable outcomes

Positive/Negative Punishment

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13
Q

What is fixed/continuous?

A

Reinforcement and/or punishment occurs every time

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14
Q

What is Variable/Intermittent?

A

Reinforcement and/or punishment occurs only every now and then
-hard to extinguish
- can happen by accident

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15
Q

What is physical punishment?

A

Corporal Punishment associated with
-parental styles
-increased risk of child abuse
-aggression of child
-lower emotional regulation in children

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16
Q

What is psychological punishment?

A

Use of child’s shame, guilt, gratitude to control behavior
Associated with increased stress and poor emotional regulation

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17
Q

What are 3 alternatives to punishment?

A

Time outs
induction-talking to child
gentle parenting

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18
Q

Benefits of time-outs?

A

can give child and parent a chance to breathe and destress

19
Q

What does Induction mean?

A

Talking situation through with child
providing reasoning and clear connections to consequences

20
Q

What is Gentle Parenting?

A

Based on communication between parent and child
Presentation of choices to child
Consequences and boundaries still upheld

21
Q

What is the family Systems Theory?

A

Interconnection between different family relations
Ex: Martial, parent-child, siblings

22
Q

What is the Couples System?

A

When parents support each other, to support the child
*model appropriate and healthy relationships

23
Q

What are the two main pieces of the parent conflict?

A

Direct effects
Indirect Effects

24
Q

What is the direct effects of the parent conflict?

A

Watching conflicts
poorer mental health, self-blame

25
Q

What are the indirect effects of the parent conflict?

A

Effect of ongoing conflict on parenting practices
-children tend to have difficulty interacting without regulating conflict with others

26
Q

What is the Parenting system?

A

Parenting behaviors and attitudes that set the climate for parent-child relationships

27
Q

What are some reasons for different parenting styles?

A

*Quality of couple system
*parent mental health
*cultural practices
*financial resources
*parental personalities

28
Q

what do new mothers deal with after their newborns birth?

A

*hormones
* healing
*potentially raising other children

29
Q

What is Postpartum Depression?

A

Feelings of inadequacy, fear, sadness, overwhelmed
Can affect attachment and care of child:
*fear of baby
*maladaptive over protectiveness
*avoidance and neglect

30
Q

What is the still face paradigm?

A

Reduced positive affect
reduced eye gaze
increased negative affect

31
Q

What are cultural practices?

A

Differences in discipline techniques
*often a reflection of own upbringing

32
Q

What are the different levels of socioeconomic status (SES)?

A

Low SES
High SEs

33
Q

What are characteristics of low SES?

A

*Less time spent with children
*less communication

34
Q

What are characteristics of high SES?

A

*Greater stress on children
*emotionally distant
*failure to provide consequences

35
Q

What is the Goodness of Fit?

A

How well temperament is matched by their surrounding

36
Q

What is a bidirectional relationship?

A

*parent is bigger person-child is tiny person
*parent takes on parenting their own way-child perceives
*interactions with each other parent/child
*parenting adaptive

37
Q

What is temperament?

A

*Reactivity
*easy vs different babies?
*often interacts with caregiver own mental and emotional health
*anxious-temperament style

38
Q

What is the sibling system?

A

*Very Unique relationship
-peers
-extra parent
-rivals

39
Q

What is the birth order effect?

A

Stereotypes of how birth ordered children get treated/act

40
Q

What are the characteristics of the eldest child?

A

*Adult oriented
* Helpful
* self-controlled, conscientious

41
Q

What are the characteristics of the later children?

A

*Less fearful
*Better coping mechanisms
*more self-confidence

42
Q

What are the elements of birth order parent-child interactions?

A

*Sharing of attention
* parents prepare children for sharing attention
-friends play a role

43
Q

What are the elements of birth order sibling interactions?

A

*Caregiving
*social learning
-good behavior
-poorer behavior
*protectiveness

Child Psyc (4 decks)

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