Exam 3: STI and Breast Content Flashcards
Genital herpes pathophysiology review
what is it?
what are the types?
incubation time?
is it curable?
acute, recurring, common viral disease
HSV-1 or 2
Incubation is 2 to 20 days
Primary outbreak may be asymptomatic, but the patient is still infectious
not curable
How do we confirm GH
lab testing –> viral culture, PCR
GH lesions resolve
2 to 6 weeks
Drug therapy for GH
antivirals –> episodic vs suppressive
Episodic vs suppressive antivirals for GH
Episodic antivirals
Taken when the first signs of an outbreak appear, the goal is to shorten the duration of the outbreak, reduce pain, and speed healing.
Suppressive antivirals
Taken daily, the goal is to prevent the herpesvirus from reactivating and causing new outbreaks. Suppressive therapy is often recommended for people who have multiple outbreaks per year
Syphilis early and late categories
primary
secondary
early latent
tertiary/late
primary: chancre is the first sign
secondary: systemic develops in 25% of untreated individuals w/in a few months –> flu like symptoms
early latent: seropositive but asymptomatic
tertiary/late: uncommon, can develop 4 to 20 years after infection, usually untreated cases –> organ affected
Drug therapy for syphilis
benzathine penicillin G
what is the test for syphilis
VDRL, RPR, treponemal tests
Condylomata acuminata (genital warts): caused by
certain types of HPV
GW non surgical managment
Cryodestruction
Immune-mediated therapies
Topical treatment
GW surgical managment
- Excision
*Cryoablationorlaserablation
- Electrocautery
- Ultrasonicaspiration
Chlamydia infection patho review
Chlamydia trachomatis—intracellular
bacterium, causative agent of cervicitis,
urethritis, proctitis
*Report able to local health departments in
all states
- Often asymptomatic
- High prevalence of rectal and pharyngeal
infection in MSM
Drug therapy –> interventions
*Doxycycline
*Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT)
Gonorrhea pathoreview
Neisseria gonorrheoeae
can be asymptomatic
First symptoms occur within a week after sexual contact with infected person
can cause PID and other complications in females
can cause epididymitis (which can lead to infertility) and other complications in males
Area involvement with gonorrhea
pharyngitis in both M/W
proctitis, epididymitis, purulent penile discharge, prostatis, and urethritis in men
endometritis, salpingitis, cervictitis, proctitis, and urethritis in women
Gonorrhea intervention
All patients with gonorrhea should be tested for syphilis, chlamydia, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV; HSV and HPV if possible
Drug therapy for Gonorrhea
Uncomplicated gonorrhea treated with IM ceftriaxone single dose
* Co-infection with Chlamydia treated with doxycycline.
PID pathophysiology review
Organisms move from endocervix upward through uterine cavity into fallopian tube
multiple pathogens
PID infection can spread to… (3)
uterus
fallopian tubes (most common)
adjacent pelvic structures
What is a potential complication of PID
sepsis and death if treatment is delayed or inadequate
The priority collaborative problems for a patient with PID are:
Infection due to invasion of pelvic organs by sexually transmitted pathogens
Pain due to infectious process
What does the nurse identify as an expected outcome when planning care for a client with genital herpes being treated with antiviral drugs?
A. Eradication of the infection
B. Inability to transmit the virus to a partner
C. Decrease in severity and frequency of
recurrent outbreaks
D. Prevention of viral shedding even when
asymptomatic
C. Decrease in severity and frequency of
recurrent outbreaks
The nurse is assessing a client with genital warts. Which assessment finding does the nurse anticipate?
A. Chancre
B. No symptoms
C. Abdominal pain
D. Small flesh-colored growths
D. Small flesh-colored growths
A 24-year-old sexually active male reports a low- grade fever and headache, and a rash on his hands. What condition does the nurse anticipate?
A. HIV
B. HPV
C. Syphilis
D. Gonorrhea
ANS: C
Symptoms of secondary syphilis usually develop 6 weeks to 6 months after the onset of primary syphilis. During this stage, syphilis is a systemic disease because the spirochetes circulate throughout the bloodstream. Common signs and symptoms include malaise, low-grade fever, headache, muscular aches and pains, sore throat, and generalized rash (usually on the hands and feet).
Breast abscess
Non-lactational breast abscess are often related to diabetes, clogged sweat glands, acne, or trauma
Risk factors of breast abcess
smoking, obesity, nipple piercings
Treatment of breast abscess
broad-spectrum antibiotics, ultrasound-guided
aspiration, and/or incision and drainage
Mastitis
Inflammation, infection, pain
Can occur in women whether they are lactating/breastfeeding or not
What is mastitis more common in
women who smoke or have nipple piercings
Treatment of mastitis
Treatment = antibiotic therapy, steroid therapy, watchful waiting
invasive breast cancer includes
- Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)
- Invasive ductal carcinoma
non invasive breast cancers
- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
- Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
Invasive ductal carcinoma
- Originates in mammary ducts and break
through wall of ducts into surrounding tissue - Fibrosis develops around the cancer
- Peau d’orange
Paget’s disease
- Rare form of breast cancer.
- Occurs in or around the nipple, extends to areola
- Scaly, red, irritated, looks like eczema
- May have other types of breast cancer
- Ductal Carcinoma Insitu or Invasive Breast Cancer
Incidence and prevalence of breast cancer
- One of every eight women in the U.S. will develop breast cancer in her lifetime
- Second leading cause of cancer death in women
etiology and genetic risk
Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2
- What information will the nurse include when teaching this client about breast cancer? (Select all that apply.)
A. Annual MRI of the breasts is recommended
B. Mammograms are ordered only if necessary.
C. The provider can perform a clinical breast examination (CBE) at visits.
D. Notify the provider if you notice any changes in your breasts.
E. Breast self-examination(BSE) is the best way to detect breast cancer
early.
C
D
The nurse is caring for a client who just had a bilateral mastectomy. When the client states, “my partner is going to hate how I look”, which nursing response is appropriate?
A. “I’m sure your partner will be accepting.”
B. “Why haven’t you asked your partner about their
feelings?”
C. “We can work on that after you are feeling stronger.”
D. “It sounds like you are concerned about how your body
looks after surgery.”
D
