Exam 1: HTN Flashcards
BP =
CO x peripheral resistance (how tight your vessels are; how much tone they have)
CO =
HR x SV (SV is determine by preload, afterload, contractility)
HTN is generally _______
asymtompatic
Normal BP
Systolic: less than 120
AND
Diastolic: less than 80
Pre HTN
Systolic: 120 to 139
OR
Diastolic: 80-89
HTN stage 1
Systolic: 140-159
OR
Diastolic: 90-99
HTN Stage 2
Systolic: 160 or higher
OR
diastolic higher than 100
HTN crisis
Systolic: higher than 180
OR
Diastolic: higher than 110
Hypertension: A systolic blood pressure greater than 140mmHg and/or a diastolic pressure greater than 90mmHg based on the average of _____ or more accurate blood pressure readings taken during two or more contacts with health care providers
2 or more
2x2 rule
Desired blood pressure
■ For people over 60:
■ For people younger than 60:
Below 150/90
Below 140/90
Primary vs Secondary HTN
Primary: 90% of all cases–> no known cause
Secondary: consequence of another disease or condition
T/F Patient should avoid caffeine, smoking and exercise 30 mins prior to readings
True
HTN risk factors: age
older than 55 for men and older than 65 for women
HTN risk factors: obesity
BMI over 30
HTN risk factors: Microalbuminuria or GFR rate less than
60
Advanced HTN clinical manifestations
headache, early morning
blurred vision
spontaneous nose bleed
depression
HTN medication management goal
reduce BP and prevent cardiovascular and renal complications
HTN intitial treatment
Diuretic, ACEi, ARN, CCB or combo
-pril
ACEi
-sartan
angiotensin ll
diltiazem, verapamil, amlodipine
ca channel blocker
-lol
beta blockers
HTN drug therapy: diuretics
decrease circulating fluid volume
HTN drug therapy: adrenergic (SNS) antagonist
cause vasodilation
HTN drug therapy: direct vasodilator
activate dopamine receptors and cause vasodilation
HTN drug therapy: B blocker
decrease vasoconstriction by blocking beta receptos
HTN drug therapy: ACE inh
inhibit ACE to prevent algiotensin l to angiotensin ll
HTN drug therapy: ARB’s
prevent angiotensin ll
HTN drug therapy: Ca channel blocker
cause vasodilation by inhibitng ca from crossing cell membrane and decreasing HR
What is a common diet for HTN
DASH–> reduce sodium to no more than 100 mmole/day
HTN ocular
fundoscopic exam
HTN pertinent nursing diagnosis
ineffective health maintenance
risk for ineffective therapeutic regimen management
knowledge deficit
Nursing interventions for the patient with HTN focus on teaching the patient and family about the disease and
it’s associated risk factors, lifestyle changes, and the importance of adherence of the treatment regimen
