Exam 3, Set 4

Question 1

voltage-sensitive receptors in excitation-contraction coupling

Answer 1

Initiates intracellular calcium release for muscle contraction.

Question 2

terminal cisternae in excitation-contraction coupling

Answer 2

Helps form the triad

Question 3

Ca2+ channels in excitation-contraction coupling

Answer 3

Activation of Ca2+ release channels in the TC-SR

Question 4

troponin in excitation-contraction coupling

Answer 4

binds to Ca2+

Question 5

tropomyosin in excitation-contraction coupling

Answer 5

Prevents cross-bridge formation during muscle relaxation by covering myosin binding sites.

Question 6

actin filaments in excitation-contraction coupling

Answer 6

drawn toward the center of the sarcomere, overlapping the myosin filament

Question 7

myosin filaments in excitation-contraction coupling

Answer 7

Myosin heads attach to actin

Question 8

Ca2+ ATPase in excitation-contraction coupling

Answer 8

Returns calcium to the SR

Question 9

the result of applying successive action potentials to a muscle.

Answer 9

Gradual increase in the force generated by that muscle

Question 10

summation

Answer 10

Increased muscle force from repeated activation without adequate relaxation.

Question 11

unfused tetanus

Answer 11

Muscle fibers can’t relax b/n rapid stimuli due to rapid stimulation.

Question 12

complete tetanus

Answer 12

Continuous muscle contractions without relaxation

Question 13

fatigue

Answer 13

Reduced force or power output after muscle activity.

Question 14

recruitment

Answer 14

Using different motor units to produce a targeted muscle contraction in terms of intensity and type.

Question 15

factors that influence the force, velocity, and duration of skeletal muscle contraction

Answer 15

muscle fiber type, load and recruitment.

Question 16

characteristics of slow oxidative, fast oxidative, and fast glycolytic muscle fibers

Answer 16

Type 1 fibers- contract slowly, sustain low-power contractions, resist fatigue.
Type 2A fibers- contract faster, utilizing both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, more susceptible to fatigue
Type 2B fibers-contract quickly using anaerobic glycolysis, leading to rapid fatigue compared to Type 1 and Type 2A fibers

Question 17

the formed elements that exist in blood and the purpose of each

Answer 17

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen throughout the body

white blood cells (leukocytes) fight infections and diseases

platelets (thrombocytes) prevent and stop bleeding.