Exam 3, Set 2

Question 1

eccentric contractions

Answer 1

total length of the muscle lengthens as tension is produced

Question 2

isometric contractions

Answer 2

Length remains the same, but tension changes

Question 3

main steps in hemostasis

Answer 3

(1) vascular spasm, or vasoconstriction, a brief and intense contraction of blood vessels; (2) formation of a platelet plug; and (3) blood clotting or coagulation

Question 4

Thrombus

Answer 4

A blood clot that forms inside one of your veins or arteries

Question 5

Embolus

Answer 5

An unattached mass that travels through the bloodstream and is capable of creating blockages

Question 6

Universal donor

Answer 6

those with an O negative blood type.

Question 7

Universal recipient

Answer 7

a person of blood group AB, who can in theory receive donated blood of any ABO blood group

Question 8

functions of the cardiovascular system

Answer 8

Transport blood and O2

Question 9

main parts of the cardiovascular system

Answer 9

heart, Arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood

Question 10

the flow of blood through the parts of the cardiovascular system

Answer 10

Blood—-> right atrium—–> tricuspid v. —-> right ventricle——> pulmonary arteries —–> Pulmonary veins—–> heart——->left atrium—-> mitral valve——> left ventricle——> Aortic v. ——> Aorta—–> body tissues

Question 11

the attachment of the pulmonary and systemic circulation to the heart

Answer 11

Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and the lungs. It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange. The oxygenated blood then flows back to the heart. Systemic circulation moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

Question 12

unique features of cardiac muscle tissue that allow it to perform its functions.

Answer 12

Intercalated discs, gap junctions

Question 13

how electrical impulses travel through the heart

Answer 13

Atrial depolarisation
Ventricular depolarisation
Atrial and ventricular repolarisation.

The electrical impulse travels from the sinus node to the atrioventricular node (also called AV node). There, impulses are slowed down for a very short period, then continue down the conduction pathway via the bundle of His into the ventricles

Question 14

The steps in the cardiac cycle

Answer 14

Atrial Diastole: -chambers of the
heart are calmed.
-aortic valve and pulmonary artery closes and atrioventricular valves open, causing chambers of the heart to relax.

Atrial Systole:
-blood cells flow from atrium to ventricle and atrium contracts.

Isovolumic Contraction: -ventricles begin to contract. The atrioventricular valves, aortic valve, and pulmonary artery valves close, but there won’t be any transformation in volume.

Ventricular Ejection:
-ventricles contract and empty. Pulmonary artery and aortic valve close.

Isovolumic Relaxation:
-no blood enters the ventricles
-pressure decreases, ventricles stop contracting and begin to relax.
-due to the pressure in the aorta pulmonary artery and aortic valve close.

Ventricular Filling Stage: -
blood flows from atria into the ventricles.

Question 15

systole and how long it typically lasts

Answer 15

Contraction of the heart
Lasts: 0.3 to 0.4 second

Question 16

diastole and how long it typically lasts

Answer 16

Relaxation of the heart

Lasts: 0.5 sec

Question 17

the typical heart sounds, what produces them, and when they occur with respect to systole, diastole, and the cardiac cycle

Answer 17

s1- “lub”, created by the closing of the atrioventricular valves during ventricular contraction (systole)
s2-“Dub”,sound of the closing of the semilunar valves during ventricular diastole
s3- A galloping sound, sound of blood striking the left ventricle during early diastole
s4- A galloping sound heard in late diastole

Question 18

Cardiac output

Answer 18

The volume of blood being pumped by a single ventricle of the heart, per unit time