Exam 3, Set 3 Flashcards
Cardiac rate
The number of times your heart beats per minute.
Stroke Volume
The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart during each systolic cardiac contraction
Typical values for Cardiac output
at-rest state: 5-6 L/min
Exercise: up to 35 L/min in elite athletes
Typical values for Cardiac rate
60 to 100 beats per minute.
Typical values for stroke volume
50 to 100 ml
End Diastolic volume
the amount of blood that is in the ventricles before systole occurs
End Systolic Volume
the volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of systole, and at the beginning of diastole
Typical values for EDV
70-155 mL
Typical values for ESV
50 and 100 mL
factors influencing blood pressure
Cardiac output.
Peripheral vascular resistance.
Volume of circulating blood.
Viscosity of blood.
Elasticity of vessels walls.
primary and secondary hypertension
primary hypertension, ,high blood pressure due to genetics, or lifestyle.
secondary hypertension due to underlying cause
neuromuscular junction in excitation-contraction coupling
excitation-contraction coupling process begins with signaling from the nervous system at the neuromuscular junction
motor end plate in excitation-contraction coupling
receives electrical signals from motor neurons, generates EPPs, and consequently induce muscle contractions
end plate potential in excitation-contraction coupling
Voltages that cause depolarization of skeletal muscle fibers
muscle-surface voltage-gated Na+ channels in excitation-contraction coupling
The membrane depolarization at the synaptic cleft triggers nearby voltage-gated sodium channels to open
