Exam 3 - Rome and Byzantium (Google Doc)

Question 1

Archaic Smile

Answer 1

The Archaic smile was used by Greek Archaic sculptors, especially in the second quarter of the 6th century BCE, possibly to suggest that their subject was alive, and infused with a sense of well-being.

Question 2

Verism

Answer 2

A form of realism in art or literature (they wanted to be recognizable)- Cicero Portrait

Question 3

Patrician/ Plebian

Answer 3

Patricians were the land-owning aristocrats, and plebians were the poorer classes.

Question 4

Peitas

Answer 4

The Roman virtue of dutiful respect toward the gods, fatherland and parents.

Question 5

Coffering

Answer 5

A series of sunken panels in the shape of a square, rectangle or octagon in a ceiling or vault. (waffle pattern) example: Pantheon, Rome

Question 6

Barrel Vault

Answer 6

A vault forming a half cylinder

Question 7

Apotheosis/ Deification

Answer 7

Elevation of someone to divine status.

Question 8

Stoicism

Answer 8

Philosophy that the wise live in harmony with the divine Reason and are indifferent to pleasure and pain.

Question 9

Pax Romana

Answer 9

The peace that existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire.

Question 10

Gladiator

Answer 10

A man trained to fight against other men or animals in an arena.

Question 11

Fresco

Answer 11

A painting done in watercolor on wet plaster on a wall/ceiling so that the colors become part of the plaster and are fixed as it dries.

Question 12

Insulae

Answer 12

Tenements with shops on the ground floor and living quarters above. (often collapsed)

Question 13

Atrium

Answer 13

Open-roofed entrance, or central court in a Roman house.

Question 14

Triclinium

Answer 14

Dining table with couches along three sides.

Question 15

Porphyry

Answer 15

A hard rock, typically reddish. Used for the sculpture of Diocletian and the Tetrarchy.

Question 16

Spolia

Answer 16

The repurposing of building materials, or reuse of decorative sculpture on new monuments, such as the Arch of Constantine.

Question 17

Iconography

Answer 17

The visual images/symbols used in a work or art.

Question 18

Mosaic

Answer 18

A picture/pattern produced by arranging together small colored pieces of stone, tile, or glass.

Question 19

Tesserae

Answer 19

The small pieces of stone or glass that make up a mosaic.

Question 20

Aqueduct

Answer 20

A man-made channel for transporting water. Often in the form of a bridge supported by tall columns across a valley.

Question 21

Catacomb

Answer 21

An underground cemetery containing recesses for tombs.

Question 22

Mystery Religion

Answer 22

Only open to members, often promised better afterlife, examples of who they worshipped include Mithras, Isis and Horus, and Dionysus.

Question 23

Basilica

Answer 23

Large rectangular building with an apse at one or both ends.
Nave: Center room, symbolic of Noah’s ark. Usually flanked by aisles.
Apse: Rounded extension at the end of a basilica. (looks like a triumphal arch)
Transept: The arm of the Latin cross church perpendicular to the nave.
Clerestory: The topmost zone of the wall of a basilica.
Narthex: The entrance hall of a Christian basilica.
Atrium: Open roofed, kind of like large courtyard.

Question 24

Nave

Answer 24

Center room, symbolic of Noah’s ark. Usually flanked by aisles.

Question 25

Apse

Answer 25

Rounded extension at the end of a basilica. (looks like a triumphal arch)

Question 26

Transept

Answer 26

The arm of the Latin cross church perpendicular to the nave.

Question 27

Clerestory

Answer 27

The topmost zone of the wall of a basilica.

Question 28

Narthex

Answer 28

The entrance hall of a Christian basilica.

Question 29

Atrium

Answer 29

Open roofed, kind of like large courtyard.

Question 30

Confessor

Answer 30

A person who will be faithful in the face of opposition, but doesn’t suffer martyrdom

Question 31

Icon

Answer 31

“image”, typically religious images.

Question 32

Iconoclasm

Answer 32

The idea, practice, or doctrine of an iconoclast to destroy or ban religious images and their veneration.

Question 33

Dome

Answer 33

A rounded vault forming the roof of a structure, typically has a circular base.

Question 34

Spandrel

Answer 34

Areas between the arches of an arcade.

Question 35

Add to dictionary

Answer 35

Triangular curving vault section that supports a dome over a square space

Question 36

Squinch

Answer 36

A straight or arched structure to carry a dome.

Question 37

Elevation

Answer 37

Height above given level.

Question 38

Basket Capital

Answer 38

Capital of Byzantine style with interlacing like a basket.

Question 39

Chi-rho

Answer 39

Early Christian symbol. (P covered by an X)

Question 40

Orator

Answer 40

a public speaker, especially one who is eloquent or skilled

Question 41

Triumphal Arch

Answer 41

triumphal arch built after military successes (ex: Arch of Titus, Arch of Constantine)