Exam 3 review questions

Question 1

what is produced from lipolysis of triglycerides?

Answer 1

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 2

what is the most abundant product of the reactions of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 2

reduced coenzymes

Question 3

where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 3

the cytoplasm

Question 4

where does Krebs cycle occur?

Answer 4

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 5

what is the final electron receiver in the electron transport chain?

Answer 5

oxygen

Question 6

what is gluconeogenesis?

Answer 6

The process by which glucose is formed from these noncarbohydrate sources

Question 7

what is glycogenesis?

Answer 7

synthesis of glycogen, and stores excess glucose for later use

Question 8

what is the source of most cholesterol in the body?

Answer 8

hepatocytes/ saturate fat

Question 9

What is the correct order of filtrate flow in a nephrone?

Answer 9

Glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and collecting ducts

Question 10

What carries urine from a kidney to the unrinary bladder?

Answer 10

ureter

Question 11

Which term refers to the return of substances to the blood from the filtrate in the kidneys?

Answer 11

reabsorption

Question 12

which part of the renal tubule is impermeable to water?

Answer 12

the descending limb of the henle

Question 13

The renal corpuscle consists of ____?

Answer 13

glomerulus and glomerular bowman’s capsule

Question 14

Why is countercurrent exchange important in the functioning of the kidneys?

Answer 14

is the process by which solutes and water are passively exchanged between the blood of the vasa recta and interstitial fluid of the renal medulla as a result of countercurrent flow.

Question 15

What is the most abundant anion in extracellular fluid?

Answer 15

chloride ion

Question 16

what is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid?

Answer 16

sodium ion

Question 17

what is the most abundant anion in intracellular fluid?

Answer 17

proteins and phosphates (HPO42-)

Question 18

What is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid?

Answer 18

potassium

Question 19

The greatest amount of water loss from a body occurs by ____

Answer 19

kidneys

Question 20

What is the main protein buffer in blood?

Answer 20

albumin

Question 21

what percent of the extracellular fluid in the body is interstitial?

Answer 21

80%

Question 22

What part of the brain is the thirst center?

Answer 22

Hypothalamus

Question 23

How do kidneys help control the pH of body fluids?

Answer 23

by excreting excess H+ when pH body fluids is too low and by excreting excess HCO3- when pH is too high

Question 24

What is the main hormone secreted by developing ovarian follicles?

Answer 24

LH

Question 25

Which of the following is a function of LH?

Answer 25

formation and maintenance of corpus luteum

Question 26

What is the direct effect of the inhibition of release of GnRH from the hypothalamus?

Answer 26

High levels of estrogens exert a positive feedback effect on the hypothalamus

Question 27

What does a sperm fuse with during fertilization ?

Answer 27

an egg (oocytes/ovum) to create a single cell called a zygote

Question 28

Which of the following are diploid cells produced by an embryonic germ cell?

Answer 28

Spermatogonia

Question 29

What happens to the corpus lutuem at the end of the ovarian cycle if a pregnacy does not occur?

Answer 29

The corpus luteum disintegrates and the body starts producing GnRH again