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Anatomy 2: Exam 3 > Ch.27 questions > Flashcards

Ch.27 questions Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of total body mass if fluid?

A

65%

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2
Q

what percent is intracellular?

A

2/3

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3
Q

what percent is extracellular?

A

1/3

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4
Q

of the extracellular fluid, what percent is interstitial fluid?

A

80%

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5
Q

of the extracellular fluid, what percent is plasma?

A

20%

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6
Q

what separates intracellular fluid from interstitial fluid?

A

the plasma membrane

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7
Q

what separates interstitial fluid from blood plasma?

A

blood vessel walls

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8
Q

what processes allow exchange to occur?

A

capillary walls

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9
Q

what three ways does the body gain water?

A

metabolic water, ingested foods, and ingested liquids

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10
Q

what process provides the most gain?

A

ingested liquids

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11
Q

what four ways does the body lose water?

A

GI tract, lungs, skin, and kidneys

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12
Q

which process allows the most loss?

A

kidneys/ urination

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13
Q

what is metabolic water?

A

the end product of the oxidation of energy containing molecules such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

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14
Q

what processes produces metabolic water?

A

aerobic respiration

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15
Q

what is dehydration?

A

is a condition caused by the loss of too much fluid from the body

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16
Q

In the diagram, what four stimuli are shown?

A

increased blood osmolarity, decreased blood volume, decreased blood pressure, and dry mouth

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17
Q

where is the thirst center located?

A

hypothalamus

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18
Q

what are the two main solutes (ions) in urine?

A

sodium ions and chloride ions

19
Q

what are the three major hormones that control sodium and chloride ion concentrations?

A

angiotensin II, aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

20
Q

what is the major hormone that regulates water loss from the kidneys?

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

21
Q

what happens when a cell is placed in an isotonic solution?

A

they do not shrink or swell

22
Q

what happens when a cell is placed in a hypertonic and hypotonic solution?

A

shrink or swell

23
Q

what is water intoxication?

A

occurs when excess body water causes cells to swell dangerously

24
Q

what happens to sodium ion concentration in extracellular fluid?

A

decreases

25
Q

what happens to osmolarity of extracellular fluid?

A

decreases

26
Q

which way does water move into or out of cells?

A

osmosis

27
Q

what are the four main function of electrolytes?

A

control osmosis of water between fluid compartment, help maintain the acid-base balance, carry electrical current, and serve as cofactors

28
Q

what is the most abundant ion in extracellular fluid?

A

sodium

29
Q

what is the most abundant ion in intracellular fluid?

A

potassium

30
Q

what is the most abundant anion in extracellular fluid?

A

Cl-

31
Q

what is the most abundant anion in intracellular fluid?

A

bicarbonate (HPO42-)

32
Q

what is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid?

A

Na+

33
Q

what is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid?

A

K+

34
Q

what are protein anions most abundant?

A

Intracellular fluid

35
Q

which is the most abundant mineral in the body?

A

calcium

36
Q

which two of these electrolytes are used as buffers?

A

bicarbonate and phospate

37
Q

what is the normal pH range of arterial blood pressure?

A

7.35-7.45

38
Q

what are three mechanisms that maintain arterial blood pressure pH range/controlling H+ levels in the body?

A

buffer systems, exhalation of carbon dioxide, and kidney secretion of H+

39
Q

what is acidosis?

A

a condition where blood pH is below 7.35

40
Q

what is alkalosis?

A

a condition where blood pH is above 7.45

41
Q

How do buffers work?

A

consist of weak acid and its salt, which functions as a weak base

42
Q

of the three types of buffers, which if the most important in blood?

A

hemoblobin

43
Q

of the three types of buffers, which is the most important in intracellular fluid?

A

protein buffer system

Anatomy 2: Exam 3 (5 decks)

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