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Anatomy 2: Exam 3 > Ch. 25 questions > Flashcards

Ch. 25 questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Refers to all of the chemical reaction taking place in the body

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2
Q

What are the two phases of metabolism?

A

Catabolic and anabolic

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3
Q

What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

A

Catabolic: reactions that break down complex molecules into simple ones
Anabolic: reactions that combine simple molecules to make complex molecules

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4
Q

Which type of reaction uses more energy than it releases it?

A

Catabolic (decomposition)

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5
Q

Which type of reaction releases more energy than it uses?

A

Anabolic reaction (energetic)

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6
Q

Which type of reaction uses ATP?

A

Anabolic reaction

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7
Q

Which type of reaction generated ATP?

A

Catabolic

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8
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The removal of electrons from a substance

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9
Q

What is reduction?

A

The addition of electrons to a substance

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10
Q

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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11
Q

What is chemiosmosis?

A

The pumping of hydrogen ions

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12
Q

What is glycogenesis?

A

Synthesizes glycogen

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13
Q

What is glycogenolysis?

A

The process of splitting glycogen into its glucose subunits

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14
Q

What is the function of chlyomicrons?

A

Transport dietary lipids to adipose tissue for storage

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15
Q

What is the function of very-low-density lipoproteins?

A

Transport triglycerides synthesized in hepatocytes to adipocytes for storage

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16
Q

What is the function of low-density lipoproteins?

A

Carry about 75% of the total cholesterol in blood and deliver it to cells throughout the body for use in repair of cell membranes and synthesis of steroid hormones and bile salts

17
Q

What is the function of high-density lipoproteins?

A

Remove excess cholesterol from body cells and the blood and transport it to the liver for elimination

18
Q

What is the source of most cholesterol in our bodies?

A

Low density lipoproteins

19
Q

What is produced in lipolysis?

A

Triglycerides are split into fatty acids and glycerol

20
Q

What is lipogenesis?

A

The synthesis of triglycerides?

21
Q

What is beta oxidation?

A

The first state in fatty acid catabolism

22
Q

What happens when beta oxidation is excessive?

A

The production of ketone bodies exceeds their uptake and use body cells, and lack insulin accelerated the pace of lipolysis

23
Q

What is ketosis?

A

The concentration of ketone bodies int he blood rises above normal

24
Q

What is ketoacidosis?

A

An abnormally low blood pH

25
Q

What is produced when proteins are digested?

A

Are converted into glucose or triglycerides

26
Q

How are amino acids used in the body?

A

They are either oxidized to produce ATP or used to synthesize new proteins for body growth and repair

27
Q

What chemical reaction must occur in an amino acid before it is used?

A

Amino acids, acetyl COA, fatty acids and triglycerides

28
Q

Where does protein anabolism occur in a cell?

A

Ribosomes

29
Q

What is the basal metabolic rate?

A

It is measured under standard condition, with the body in quiet, resting, and fasting condition

30
Q

What is the main hormone that regulates metabolic rate?

A

Thyroid hormones

31
Q

What are some factors that increase metabolic rate?

A

Exercise, the SNS, hormones, elevated body temperature, and ingestion of food

32
Q

What is the region of the brain that function as the thermostat of the body?

A

Anterior part of the hypothalamus

33
Q

What are two automatic physiological responses that help to cool our body if our temperature rises above normal?

A

Vasodilation and sweating

34
Q

What are two automatic physiological responses that help to warm up our body if our temperature drops below normal?

A

Decreased metabolic rate and evaporation of perspiration

Anatomy 2: Exam 3 (5 decks)

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