Ch. 25 questions

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

Refers to all of the chemical reaction taking place in the body

Question 2

What are the two phases of metabolism?

Answer 2

Catabolic and anabolic

Question 3

What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Answer 3

Catabolic: reactions that break down complex molecules into simple ones
Anabolic: reactions that combine simple molecules to make complex molecules

Question 4

Which type of reaction uses more energy than it releases it?

Answer 4

Catabolic (decomposition)

Question 5

Which type of reaction releases more energy than it uses?

Answer 5

Anabolic reaction (energetic)

Question 6

Which type of reaction uses ATP?

Answer 6

Anabolic reaction

Question 7

Which type of reaction generated ATP?

Answer 7

Catabolic

Question 8

What is oxidation?

Answer 8

The removal of electrons from a substance

Question 9

What is reduction?

Answer 9

The addition of electrons to a substance

Question 10

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

What is chemiosmosis?

Answer 11

The pumping of hydrogen ions

Question 12

What is glycogenesis?

Answer 12

Synthesizes glycogen

Question 13

What is glycogenolysis?

Answer 13

The process of splitting glycogen into its glucose subunits

Question 14

What is the function of chlyomicrons?

Answer 14

Transport dietary lipids to adipose tissue for storage

Question 15

What is the function of very-low-density lipoproteins?

Answer 15

Transport triglycerides synthesized in hepatocytes to adipocytes for storage

Question 16

What is the function of low-density lipoproteins?

Answer 16

Carry about 75% of the total cholesterol in blood and deliver it to cells throughout the body for use in repair of cell membranes and synthesis of steroid hormones and bile salts

Question 17

What is the function of high-density lipoproteins?

Answer 17

Remove excess cholesterol from body cells and the blood and transport it to the liver for elimination

Question 18

What is the source of most cholesterol in our bodies?

Answer 18

Low density lipoproteins

Question 19

What is produced in lipolysis?

Answer 19

Triglycerides are split into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 20

What is lipogenesis?

Answer 20

The synthesis of triglycerides?

Question 21

What is beta oxidation?

Answer 21

The first state in fatty acid catabolism

Question 22

What happens when beta oxidation is excessive?

Answer 22

The production of ketone bodies exceeds their uptake and use body cells, and lack insulin accelerated the pace of lipolysis

Question 23

What is ketosis?

Answer 23

The concentration of ketone bodies int he blood rises above normal

Question 24

What is ketoacidosis?

Answer 24

An abnormally low blood pH

Question 25

What is produced when proteins are digested?

Answer 25

Are converted into glucose or triglycerides

Question 26

How are amino acids used in the body?

Answer 26

They are either oxidized to produce ATP or used to synthesize new proteins for body growth and repair

Question 27

What chemical reaction must occur in an amino acid before it is used?

Answer 27

Amino acids, acetyl COA, fatty acids and triglycerides

Question 28

Where does protein anabolism occur in a cell?

Answer 28

Ribosomes

Question 29

What is the basal metabolic rate?

Answer 29

It is measured under standard condition, with the body in quiet, resting, and fasting condition

Question 30

What is the main hormone that regulates metabolic rate?

Answer 30

Thyroid hormones

Question 31

What are some factors that increase metabolic rate?

Answer 31

Exercise, the SNS, hormones, elevated body temperature, and ingestion of food

Question 32

What is the region of the brain that function as the thermostat of the body?

Answer 32

Anterior part of the hypothalamus

Question 33

What are two automatic physiological responses that help to cool our body if our temperature rises above normal?

Answer 33

Vasodilation and sweating

Question 34

What are two automatic physiological responses that help to warm up our body if our temperature drops below normal?

Answer 34

Decreased metabolic rate and evaporation of perspiration