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Human Computer Interactions 2 (Ryan McMahan) > Exam 3 Review > Flashcards

Exam 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Pseudo haptics

A

Visually simulate the effects a virtual force would have on a real object

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2
Q

How was pseudo-haptics implemented?

A

Implemented by visually decoupling a virtual clone from the position and orientation of the real object

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3
Q

What were the findings in the pseudo-haptics study?

A

Found that pseudo-haptics afford the ability to recognize which objects are lighter and heavier

Found that the just-noticeable difference between two weights increases with the reference mass

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4
Q

What was done in the embodied interactions study?

A

Developed a user interface for visually programming dance moves with building blocks

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5
Q

How could users view their programmed moves in the embodied interaction study?

A

Through an HMD

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6
Q

What were the findings of the embodied interaction study?

A

This was found to increase awareness that computer scientists write code and can develop movies, games, and animations

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7
Q

What did the virtual grasping study investigate?

A

Investigated direct and indirect visual feedback techniques

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8
Q

What were the direct interaction techniques used in the virtual grasping study?

A
  • Outer hand
  • Inner hand
  • See-through
  • 2-Hand
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9
Q

What were the indirect interaction techniques used in the virtual grasping study?

A
  • Finger color
  • Object color
  • Arrow
  • Vibration
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10
Q

What were the findings for the virtual grasping study?

A

Found the Outer Hand to be subjectively realistic but the worst performer

Found the Inner Hand to be subjectively bad but one of the best performers

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11
Q

What technique should you use when both subjectivity and performance are important?

A

2-Hand

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12
Q

What was the mid-air interactions study?

A

Compared four mid-air interactions and a touch-based interaction

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13
Q

Name this mid-air interaction technique:

The middle point of both hands is used to manipulate the object, reacting as if the user was holding a bar placed across the object. The distance between both hands scales the object.

A

Handle-Bar

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14
Q

Name this mid-air interaction technique:

The hand that grabs the object directly controls its translation and rotation. The distance between both grabbed hands scales the object.

A

6-DOF

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15
Q

Name this mid-air interaction technique:

The hand that grabs the object directly controls its translation. The rotations of the other hand define the object orientation. The distance between both hands scales the object.

A

3-DOF

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16
Q

Name this mid-air interaction technique:

The middle point of both hands is used to manipulate the object, reacting as if the user was holding a bar placed across the object. The distance between both hands scales the object.

A

Handle-bar

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17
Q

Name this mid-air interaction technique:

One touch bellow the object enables widget visibility and moves the object. A second touch outside the widgets apply the TRS algorithm (translation and yaw rotation). The widgets offer height manipulation, roll and pitch rotations.

A

Touch TRS + Widget

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18
Q

Name this mid-air interaction technique:

The first hand grabs and moves the object. The movement of the second hand relatively to the first defines rotation and scale transformations.

A

Air TRS

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19
Q

What were the findings of the mid-air interactions study?

A

Found the Handle-Bar to be best for translation tasks not requiring rotations

Found the 6-DOF and HandleBar to be best for tasks requiring translations and rotations

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20
Q

What did the hybrid interactions study investigate first?

A

Investigated hybrid interactions for transitioning between 2D and 3D interfaces

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21
Q

What were the findings for the hybrid interactions first study?

A

Found that it takes longer to comfortably transition
from a 2D view to a 3D view than vice versa

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22
Q

What did the hybrid interactions study investigate 2nd?

A

Investigated a hybrid interaction of using mouse for
selections and 3D tracker for manipulations

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23
Q

What were the findings for the 2nd hybrid interactions study?

A

Found that the hybrid technique was overall faster than the 3D tracker alone

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24
Q

What was the primary reason found for the hybrid interaction being faster?

A

It was faster at selections

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25
Q

Define: Indirect touch

A

The input surface is decoupled from the output display

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26
Q

What did the indirect interactions investigate first?

A

First, compared Indirect4 to DS3 (direct) and Triangle Cursor (direct)

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27
Q

What were the findings in the first indirect interactions study?

A

Found Indirect4 performed comparably to DS3

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28
Q

What did the indirect interactions study investigate second?

A

Second, compared Indirect6 to DS3 (direct) and Surface6 (direct)

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29
Q

What were the findings in the second indirect interactions study?

A

Found Indirect6 performed better than Surface6, despite using the same manipulations

30
Q

What did the force feedback study investigate first?

A

Investigated integrated and separated controls for controlling virtual hand posture

31
Q

What were the findings for the first force feedback study?

A

Found that separated controls performed comparable to integrated

32
Q

What did the force feedback study investigate second?

A

Investigated integrated and separated conditions for providing force feedback during a docking task

33
Q

What were the findings of the second force feedback study?

A

Found that separated feedback performed comparable to integrated

34
Q

Define: Independent variable

A

A variable that is manipulated and controlled by the researcher to help answer the research questions

35
Q

What is an independent variable also know as?

A

Factor

36
Q

T/F All studies have an independent variable

A

F

37
Q

What kind of study does not have an independent variable

A

A baseline study observing a single user interface

38
Q

Define: levels

A

The distinct states that an independent variable is controlled at

39
Q

Define: multi-factor experiment

A

An experiment that simultaneously investigates multiple independent variables at multiple levels

40
Q

Define: Condition

A

The intersection of independent variables at specific levels

41
Q

Define: dependent variable

A

A measure that is expected to vary with changes to the independent variables

42
Q

List examples of dependent variables

A

Completion time Number of errors Perceived usability Presence

43
Q

Define: confounding variable

A

An unintended variable that correlates with both the independent variables and the dependent variables

44
Q

What is a confounding variable also known as?

A

Confound

45
Q

Give an example of a confounding variable

A

Airflow in an olfactory display study

46
Q

What are the three primary types of user studies?

A

Within-subject Between-subjects Mixed-design

47
Q

Define: Within-subject

A

Every single subject experiences every single condition

48
Q

Define: Between-subjects

A

Each subject experiences one condition

49
Q

Define: Mixed-design

A

Each subject experiences multiple conditions but not every single condition

50
Q

What are the pros of within-subject?

A

Requires the fewest subjects Allows for direct subjective comparisons

51
Q

Name this mid-air interaction technique:

The middle point of both hands is used to manipulate the object, reacting as if the user was holding a bar placed across the object. The distance between both hands scales the object.

A

Handle-Bar

52
Q

What are the cons of within-subject?

A

Requires the longest procedures Cannot be used to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction

53
Q

What are the pros of between-subjects?

A

Requires the shortest procedures Can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction

54
Q

What are the cons of between-subjects?

A

Requires the most subjects Does not allow for direct subjective comparisons Results prone to being biased by subjects

55
Q

What are the pros of mixed-design?

A

Requires fewer subjects Requires shorter procedures Allows for some direct subjective comparisons

56
Q

What are the cons of mixed-design?

A

Cannot be used to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction

57
Q

T/F The order of conditions can influence results

A

T

58
Q

What is an example of the order of conditions influencing results?

A

Learning a task improves performance regardless of interaction technique

59
Q

Define: counterbalancing

A

Ensuring the order of conditions is balanced among subjects

60
Q

List the methods of counterbalancing

A

Full-factorial permutations of conditions Latin squares designs

61
Q

T/F Participants cannot bias cohort results

A

F. they can

62
Q

List unbiased assignments methods

A

Randomization Aptitude balancing

63
Q

What is randomization?

A

Randomly assign subjects to available cohort slots

64
Q

What’s the downside of randomization?

A

Requires a decent number of subjects to avoid bias

65
Q

What is aptitude balancing?

A

Assign subjects to available cohort slots to balance aptitude and/or experience across all cohorts

66
Q

What does an aptitude balance require?

A

Requires a validated aptitude test or experience survey

67
Q

Describe Handle-Bar

A

The middle point of both hands is used to manipulate the object, reacting as if the user was holding a bar placed across the object. The distance between both hands scales the object.

68
Q

Describe 6-DOF

A

The hand that grabs the object directly controls its translation and rotation. The distance between both grabbed hands scales the object.

69
Q

Describe 3-DOF

A

The hand that grabs the object directly controls its translation. The rotations of the other hand define the object orientation. The distance between both hands scales the object.

70
Q

Describe Air TRS

A

The first hand grabs and moves the object. The movement of the second hand relatively to the first defines rotation and scale transformations.

Human Computer Interactions 2 (Ryan McMahan) (6 decks)

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