Exam 3 Review Flashcards
Homicide
intentional killing of someone else
Undercontrol Offender
Quick tempers, low frustration tolerance, failure to internalize inhibitions; violent history
Overcontrol Offender
Extreme ridged behaviour inhibition against expression of aggressive impulses; explosive violence after build-up (Virgina Tech)
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
block from anticipated goal; leads to aggression; leads to violence
Cognitive Neo-association Model
negative affects activates fight or flight; aversive event associates with aggression which can trigger fight; triggers aggressive response
General aggression model
Inputs (situational, individual factors - i.e watching a violent movie influences our arousal) Routes (arousal, affect, cognitions - i.e personality) Outcomes (behavioural response - i.e interpret situations leading to an outcome)
Serial Murder
Killing 2+ victims on separate occasions (cool-off period)
- target strangers (typically women)
-Motives: power, sex, or control
-violent fantasies
Mass Murder
Killing 4+ victims at a single location and time
- extrinsic pressure or internal forces
-carefully planned
-personal hatred/symbolic of discontent
-Socially isolated
-triggered by significant events
Spree Killer
2+ victims at one time in separate locations (continuous)
Macdonald Triad
3 Behaviours - Fire-Setting (arson, fascination with destruction, obsession with fire) - Enurisis (bedwetting - lack of self control; abuse; neglect) - Animal Cruelty (lack of empathy - can start with stuffies)
Mission-Oriented
Ronald M. Holmes - Targeting victims based on agenda/mission; victims deemed unworthy (prostitutes; homeless)
Visionary
Mental condition - delusions/hallucinations; Psychotic
Hedonistic
Kill for the thrill of it; or for the pleasure/enjoyment
Power-Control
Pleasure over the life-death control over victim - about the dominance
Moral Panic
Unnecessary community fear after serious event
Battered Woman Syndrome
Psychological Condition; Acts of physical/sexual aggression and other controlling behaviours; start feeling depressed, low self-esteem, powerless, leads to staying in situation
Learned Helplessness
Accept situation as unchangable no matter what they do; accept that she’s helpless
Cycle of Abuse
3 Stages: Tension Building- partner becomes intense, aggressive and angry (walk on eggshells)
Acute Battering: Abuse; sexually, physical and/or psychological
Contrition: Sorries; gifts; convince victim to stay; promises to change
Attachment Theory (Interpersonal Violence)
early attachment affects adult behaviour; insecure attachment paired with borderline personality traits = disorganized/fearful relationship, feeling inadequate
Social Learning Theory (Interpersonal Violence)
Observes peers, family, media(objectifies woman, strong dominate, assertive, aggressive men)
Opportunistic Rapist
Impulsive; motivated by opportunity from different event; immediate gratification; limited violence
Pervasively Angry
connect to personality disorder; non sexualized anger; excessive violence; history of violence
Sexually Motivated
deviant sexual fantasies; rehearsed, planned and organized
Vindictive
high levels of anger espescially towards women; meant to embarrass, humiliate, degrade women
Deviant Sexual Preference Theory
persistent deviant sexual fantasies; connected to paraphillia; classical and operant conditioning
Cognitive Theories - Schemas
Schemas: way to organize and make sense of information in your brain
- sexual violence based on beliefs/schemas
The Confluence Model
- Both Pathways
Hostile Masculinity: Have an attitude that accepts violence against women; leads to narcissism; low empathy; sexual aggression
Impersonal Sexual Orientation: From abusive household; sex = impersonal; non emotional thing; leads to sexual aggression
Psychopharmacology
Branch of Psychology - studies effects of certain drugs on cognition, behaviour, and emotions
Psychoactive Drugs
Drugs that act on the Central Nervous System
Substance Misuse
Using drug for something else other than intended/prescribed use
Licit vs Illicit drugs
Legal vs Illegal
Psychological vs Physicological Addiction
Psychological: taking drug for the feeling
Phsyiological: way your body responds without the drug
Tolerance
body gets used to drug; after regular drug use a higher dose is needed to achieve same effect.
Withdrawl
Abrubtly stopping drug previously built tolerance too resulting in symptoms typically opposite of drugs effect
Substance Use Disorder
Pattern of problematic drug use that causes significant distress/impairment
Intoxication
Temporary/reversible durg induced state of disturbed cognition, emotion, and/or behaviour
Stimulants
-Cocaine
type of drug that stimulates/elevates parts of CNS
- can be snorted, injected, or smoked, psychological dependence; increases dopamine; short-lived high; can induce toxic psychosis
Hallucinagens
Different unrelated drugs that can all induce hallucinations - ex. LSD
Depressants
-Alcohol
-Heroin
type of drug that stops/slows down/depresses CNS functions
Alcohol: rapid state of intoxication; mild disinhibition; sensuality; muscle relaxation; biphasic effects; increased energy
Heroin: brings to receptors; extreme euphoria within 7-8secs; clouded mental functions; physiological addiction
Psychopharmacological Drive
Violence derived from acute and chronic effects of drug;
Systemic
Violence derived from drug trades being illegal so people cannot turn to authorities for help - Organizational (someone mess up) Transactional (buyer and seller transaction) Third Party (prositution; peripheral of trade)
Economic-Compulsive
Illegal behaviour to support drug habbits - theft; stealing - not typically violent unless under intense drug
Disinhibition Theory (Alcohol)
-Impairs brain in areas responsible for inhibiting behaviours; selective (depends on perceived effects/circumstances) Active constraints (conscious effort) Passive Constraints (small conscious effort)
Cognitive Inference
Impairs social cognition increasing likelihood of aggressive behavior; people must be consciously aware of there behaviour inorder to inhibit it (Selfawareness model) Interferes with ability to perceive social cues (Appraisal Disruption) (Attention-Allocation model) can’t pay attention to all social cues
Expectancy Theory
what you believe shapes how you’ll behave
