Exam 3 (Respiration)

Question 1

What are the sites of gas exchange?

Answer 1

alveoli; at the ends of bronchioles; covered with pulmonary capillaries

Question 2

What molecules besides O₂ affect hemoglobin?

Answer 2

CO₂ and H⁺ are allosteric inhibitors

Question 3

What surrounds the lungs and what does it do?

Answer 3

pleural membrane; lubricates lungs + holds them to thoracic walls

Question 4

What determines resistance in respiration?

Answer 4

radius of bronchioles

Question 5

What is emphysema?

Answer 5

damaged elastic fibers around alveoli → decrease in surface area for gas exchange

Question 6

What equation relates pressure and volume?

Answer 6

Boyle’s Law: P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Question 7

What lung diseases affect diffusion rates?

Answer 7

pulmonary fibrosis: scar tissue decreases k

pulmonary edema: fluid increases d

Question 8

What are the muscles of respiration?

Answer 8

diaphragm + intercostals

Question 9

What is the equation for the diffusion rate of gases?

Answer 9

diffusion rate = [kA(P₂ - P₁)]/d

k = membrane permeability

Question 10

What is the partial pressure of a gas?

Answer 10

P_partial = P_total x %

pressure of a particular gas in a mixture of gases