Exam 3 - Random Info Flashcards by Rehman Hameed

when Mn = Mw and polydispersity (Mw/Mn) is 1, this is classified as

a. monodispersed
b. polydispersed

a. monodispersed

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When Mw&raquo_space; Mn and polydispersity (Mw/Mn)&raquo_space; 1, this is classified as

a. monodispersed
b. polydispersed

b. polydispersed

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polymer can pack together in regular arrays at T < Tm. This describes

a. crystalline
b. amorphous

a. crystalline

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polymers with irregular structure describes

a. crystalline
b. amorphous

b. amorphous

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which is easier to dissolve, crystalline or amorphous polymers?

amorphous

(amorphous is more common)

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what is glass transition temperature?

temp range where a polymer changes from a hard, “glassy” state to a more pliable, “rubbery” state

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at T &laquo_space;Tg, polymers are

a. hard, stiff, and glassy
b. rubbery and may flow

a. hard, stiff, and glassy

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at T&raquo_space; Tg, polymers are

a. hard, stiff, and glassy
b. rubbery and may flow

b. rubbery and may flow

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longer polymers, longer side chains, and more crosslinking leads to a _____ Tg (glass transition temp)

a. lower
b. higher

b. higher

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what are plasticizers?

molecules that inc entropy and mobility of the polymer chains

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do plasticizers raise or lower Tg when included in polymer products?

lower

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if T &laquo_space;Tg of polymer, how is drug release rate affected?

rate would be slower

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mechanical properties of polymers: stiffness is represented by ?

slope (stress/strain)

(greater the modulus, greater the stiffness)

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mechanical properties of polymers: toughness is represented by ?

area under the curve

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true or false: hydrogels retain large volume of water in their structures

true

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the _____ domain of mAbs helps determine biodistribution and plasma half-life

a. variable
b. constant

b. constant

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what is an antibody drug conjugate (ADC)?

these combine target specificity of mAb with efficacy of small molecule drug

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3 insulin analogs we talked about

lispro insulin (Humalog)
insulin aspart (Novolog)
insulin glargine

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peptides are usually less than ___ amino acids

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first approved CAR-T therapy

Kymriah

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Spinraza (nusinersen) is a modified antisense oligonucleotide that is used to treat what?

spinal muscular atrophy

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_____ provides the gel-like structure of mucus

mucin

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mucin carries a negative charge due to high content of _____ _____ (sugar)

sialic acid

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which is more permeable: gingiva and buccal mucosa, or the floor of the mouth and ventral side of the tongue?

floor of the mouth and ventral side of the tongue

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mostly _____ molecular weight drugs are delivered via oral mucosa

small

the _____ region of the nasal cavity is the main site for systemic drug delivery a. olfactory b. respiratory

b. respiratory (has relatively large surface area, also has epithelium covered with mucus)

disadvantage of vaginal drug delivery (slide 35/48; mucosal lecture)

hormone-dependent changes (ex. pH)

true or false: the Mirena IUD releases drug at a zero-order release for up to 15 years

false (up to 5 years)

which has a higher AUC? a. retention enema b. suppository

a. retention enema

ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) function

protects neural cells including photoreceptor cells; retards retinal degeneration

ocular implants are loaded with human retinal pigment epithelium cells transfected with _____ gene to produce _____ in situ (same acronym in both each blank)

CNTF (ciliary neurotrophic factor)

what is the role of the membrane in encapsulated cell technology (ECT) implants?

to allow for the influx of oxygen and nutrients

four componenets of Port Delivery System

-extrascleral flange -self-sealing septum -body (drug reservoir) -porous metal release control element

what is used to reduce drainage of eye drops?

using viscosity-enhancers (polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose; timoptix0XE gel (GELRITE gellan gum); DuraSite (polyacrylic acid formulations))

3 challenges in ocular delivery

-loss due to dilution in the tear film, fluid spillage, drainage -short residence time -not much flexibility in formulation adjustments (pH, osmolarity, solubility)

which layer of the skin contains capillaries?

dermis

what is the brick & mortar model of the stratum corneum?

bricks: dead cells mortar: lipid permeation occurs by partitioning through the lipid material (mortar) between the dead cells (brick)

what is the pH of skin?

5 (this inhibits growth of bacteria)

exposure to UV stimulates synthesis of _____, which absorbs UV rays

melanin

what is emolliency and keratolysis?

emolliency: softening horny tissue keratolysis: chemical digestion and removal of horny tissue

common ingredient in antiperspirants

aluminum chloride (closes orifice of eccrine glands to impede sweat flow)

how do retinoids treat acne?

they reset the process of epidermal proliferation and differentiation -> prevents the formation of lesions

true or false: ointments made from hydrocarbon bases such as petrolatum or Plastibase are more hydrophilic

false (more hydrophobic)

ointments made from silicon bases contain __________ oil

polydimethylsiloxane

which topical drug delivery system is in liquid phased trapped in matrix of a natural or synthetic polymer? a. pastes b. creams c. gels d. rigid foams

c. gels

nitroglycerin and scopolamine are examples of which type of drug delivery system? a. topical b. transdermal

b. transdermal

indication for transdermal nitroglycerin

prevention of chest pain due to CAD; not for immediate relief of acute attacks

indication for transdermal rivastigmine

for memory problems (dementia) associated with Alzheimer's or Parkinson's

Xulane patches black box warning

risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) (CV risks)

the more hydrated, the _____ drug permeability a. greater b. lesser

a. greater

ionic surfactants, ascorbate, and DMSO are all examples of a. prodrugs b. (chemical) penetration enhancers c. solvents

b. (chemical) penetration enhancers

what are microneedles used for?

Pretreatment to inc skin permeability before the subsequent application of a drug-loaded patch. They are coated w/ drug that is released from the needles while they are embedded in the skin

reaching which layer of skin produces pain and scarring? a. viable epidermis b. stratum corneum c. dermis d. hair follicles and sweat glands

c. dermis

which of the following is NOT relevant to mucus? a. covers nearly all entry points to the human body except for the parts covered by skin b. consists of mostly water, glycoproteins called mucin, lipids, and inorganic salts c. positively charged due to the sugar at the terminus of mucin d. secreted by goblet cells or specialized glands e. has gel-like structure due to high MW mucin

c. positively charged due to the sugar at the terminus of mucin

which is NOT true for the drug delivery via oral mucosa? a. rapid drug absorption and onset of action b. suitable for delivery of drugs with low potency c. avoids first pass effect d. easy to remove when necessary e. suitable for delivery of lipophilic drugs

b. suitable for delivery of drugs with low potency

compared to multi-use vials, pre-filled syringes and pens offer the following advantages EXCEPT: a. easier to transport than vial and syringe b. increased patient compliance c. reduced potential for protein aggregation d. reduced risk of product contamination e. reduced risk of dosage error

c. reduced potential for protein aggregation

which is the least relevant to the stability of lyophilized protein products? a. lyophilization can cause protein instability by freeze-concentration b. lyoprotectants or cryoprotectants are used to inhibit perturbation of protein structure c. lyophilized products can be reconstituted w/o special care d. in general, lyophilized products are more stable than solution products

c. lyophilized products can be reconstituted w/o special care

what is polylactic acid in Lupron Depot? a. protein b. synthetic polymer c. polysaccharide d. synthetic peptide e. amino acid

b. synthetic polymer (it controls the drug release rate by slow degradation)

An eye product product contains Gelrite gellan gum as a viscosity enhancer. This agent is added to address one of the following formulation challenges in ocular drug delivery: a. limited room for pH adjustment b. limited room for modifying ionic strength of the solution c. vision impairment d. short residence time in the eyes e. blood-brain-barrier

d. short residence time in the eyes

consider a vaginal ring delivering etonogestrel and ethinyl estradiol (NuvaRing). Which is NOT true? a. drug release rate is constant b. delivers the two hormones over 3 weeks c. drugs are absorbed to the blood stream via vaginal mucosa d. drug concentrations in plasma show peaks and troughs

d. drug concentrations in plasma show peaks and troughs