Exam 2 - Lecture 4 + 5

Question 1

three sources of contamination

Answer 1

people
equipment
environment

Question 2

aseptic technique pertins to which USP?

Answer 2

USP 797

Question 3

laminar flow is streamline flow of a fluid in which the fluid moves in layers

a. with turbulence
b. without turbulence

Answer 3

b. without turbulance

Question 4

laminar flow is streamline flow of a fluid in which the fluid moves in layers

a. with turbulence
b. without turbulence

Answer 4

b. without turbulence

Question 5

laminar flow occurs at low air velocities of ___ ft/min

Answer 5

~100 ft/min

Question 6

HEPA filter have no more than ___ particles > 0.5 micron per cubic foot

Answer 6

100 particles

Question 7

which is easier to work with (more comfortable)?

a. vertical flow hood
b. horizontal flow hood

Answer 7

b. horizontal flow hood

Question 8

_____ flow must be used for hazardous (cytotoxic and vesicant) drugs

a. vertical
b. horizontal

Answer 8

a. vertical

Question 9

what is a critical site?

Answer 9

any point where microorganisms or other contamination could enter a parenteral product during compounding

Question 10

what is a critical area?

Answer 10

space between the HEPA filter and the critical site (must keep first air laminar air flow in this area)

Question 11

what is the direct compounding area (DCA)?

Answer 11

area within the laminar flow workbench where critical sites are exposed to HEPA filtered air

Question 12

what is first air?

Answer 12

the air exiting the HEPA filter in a unidirectional air stream that is essentially particle free

Question 13

concentrations can equalize over time via diffusion, which is through a __________ membrane

a. permeable
b. semipermeable

Answer 13

a. permeable

Question 14

concentration can equalize over time via osmosis, which is through a __________ membrane

a. permeable
b. semipermeable

Answer 14

b. semipermeable

Question 15

what instrument do we use to measure osmolarity or osmolality?

Answer 15

osmometer

Question 16

colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the quanitity of ?

Answer 16

molecular particles (m-particles)

Question 17

osmolarity and osmolality are determined by the _____ concentration of solutes dissolved, including the drug

Answer 17

total

Question 18

molarity = ?

Answer 18

moles of solute/liter of solution
or
(amount of solute)/(volume of solute + volume of solvent)

Question 19

osmolarity = ?

Answer 19

osmoles of solute/liter of solution

= # moles of solute/liter of solution x #m-particles/1 molecule

Question 20

how many m-particles does NaCl give per molecule when it dissociates

Answer 20

2

Question 21

molality = ?

Answer 21

amount of solute/amount of (only) solvent

Question 22

osmolarity and osmolality can be treated as equivalent at ____ concentrations

a. high
b. low

Answer 22

b. low

Question 23

serum osmolarity range (in mOsmol/L)

Answer 23

280-300 mOsmol/L

Question 24

true or false: if a solution is isotonic, it is also iso-osmotic, but not always the other way around

Answer 24

true

Question 25

true or false: normal saline and D5W are both isotonic and are interchangeable in every case

Answer 25

false

(not always interchangeable; always check the drug monograph)

Question 26

in general, which solutions are worse than hyperosmotics ones?

Answer 26

hypo-osmotic solutions

Question 27

does a hypo-osmotic solution burst or shrink cells?

Answer 27

burst

Question 28

does a hyperosmotic solution burst or shrink cells?

Answer 28

shrink