Exam 3 Practice Questions Flashcards
- Only around 50% of students at 4 year university successfully complete their degree?
(a) True
(b) False
(a) True
- America has the highest divorce rate of any industrialized/developed country in the world.
(a) True
(b) False
(a) True
- The “Reno Cure” refers to Washoe County being the first place in America where women could file for divorce.
(a) True
(b) False
(a) True
- Vaccines are a type of preventive medicine?
(a) True
(b) False
(a) True
The condition of being unhealthy in your body or mind that prevents an individual from functioning normally.
Illness
The extent to which a person experiences a state of mental, physical, and social well-being.
Health
All activities intended to sustain, promote, and enhance health.
Health Care
Medicine emphasizing a healthy lifestyle that will prevent poor health before it occurs
Preventative Medicine
- According to Census data, the average age that men and women are getting married and/or having their first child is between _______________.
a) 20-25 years of age
b) 25-30 years of age
c) 30-35 years of age
d) 35-40 years of age
b) 25-30 years of age
- A _______ family is characterized by parents living with their biological children under one roof, whereas a _______ family consisting of one or more parent, children and other ken often spanning several generations living in one household .
a) nuclear family: extended family
b) extended family: nuclear family
c) family of orientation: family of procreation
d) family of procreation: family of orientation
a) nuclear family: extended family
- Hidden curriculum refers to schools _______.
a) providing better facilities to high income students.
b) sending subliminal messages inside the reading and science curriculum that indoctrinate students to a particular political point of view.
c) the unspoken classroom socialization into norms, values, and roles that schools provide along with the official curriculum that reinforce the social hierarchy.
d) censoring books and literature from classrooms.
c) the unspoken classroom socialization into norms, values, and roles that schools provide along with the official curriculum that reinforce the social hierarchy.
- A social movement seeking to fundamentally change the existing social, political, and/or economic system is called a ______ movement.
a) revolutionary
b) rebellion
c) reformist
d) none of the above
b) rebellion
Two or more individuals who identify themselves as being related to one another, usually by blood, marriage, or adoption, and who share intimate relationships and dependency.
Family
A culturally approved relationship, usually between two individuals, that provides a degree of economic cooperation, emotional intimacy, and sexual activity.
Marriage
Both men and women are _ to get married.
waiting
Women waiting _ to have babies (married or not)!
longer
Social groups consisting of one or more parents, children, and other kin, often spanning several generations, living in the same household (i.e., grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins).
Extended families
Families characterized by parents living with their
biological children and apart from other kin.
Nuclear families
Today the bread-winner homemaker structure
is rare
- Nuclear families are still seen as the norm
- Married couples with Children make up only
_% of AMERICAN FAMILIES
20%
In the 1950’s ~ _% of families were nuclear and
_ of wives homemakers.
- 60%
- ¾
Divorce rates _ when women were given the decision.
increased
The U.S. divorce rates fell to a _ in 2019
50-year low
U.S. has highest divorce rates
- _ per 1,000 people
4.95
Middle class parents more likely to engage in _
- Structured activities ($$$$)
- Acquiring skills, cultural capital, sense of entitlement when dealing with institutions
“concerted cultivation”
Working class parents mainly use _
- Unstructured activities ($)
- Ability to learn/entertain themselves
- Less skills and cultural capital
- Less entitlement
“natural growth”
- Unstructured activities ($)
- Ability to learn/entertain themselves
- Less skills and cultural capital
- Less entitlement
Working class parents mainly use “natural growth”
- Structured activities ($$$$)
- Acquiring skills, cultural capital, sense of entitlement when dealing with institutions
Middle class parents more likely to engage in “concerted cultivation”
_ Perspectives of Families:
Talcott Parson’s describes male and females as
complementary to maintain the family and be the
primary socialization of individuals i.e. instilling of social norms.
Functionalist perspective
Functionalist Perspectives of Families:
_ describes male and females as
complementary to maintain the family and be the
primary socialization of individuals i.e. instilling of social norms.
- Criticized for scientifically re-enforcing traditional
gender roles
Talcott Parson’s
_ Perspectives of Families:
George Murdock (1940) studied 200 societies and concluded four functions.
1. Stable satisfaction of the sex drive – within monogamous relationships
2. The biological reproduction of the next generation – without which society cannot continue.
3. Socialization of the young – teaching basic norms and values
4. Meeting its members economic needs – producing food and shelter for example.
Modern sociological
Modern Sociological Perspectives of Families:
_ studied 200 societies and concluded four functions.
1. Stable satisfaction of the sex drive – within monogamous relationships
2. The biological reproduction of the next generation – without which society cannot continue.
3. Socialization of the young – teaching basic norms and values
4. Meeting its members economic needs – producing food and shelter for example.
George Murdock (1940)
Modern Sociological Perspectives of Families:
George Murdock (1940) studied 200 societies and concluded four functions.
- Stable satisfaction of the sex drive – within monogamous relationships
- The biological reproduction of the next generation – without which society cannot continue.
- Socialization of the young – teaching basic norms and values
- Meeting its members economic needs – producing food and shelter for example.
_ Perspectives of Families:
Men –> Productive, paid work force
– Women –> Reproductive, non-paid domestic and childcare duties
Conflict
_ Perspectives of Families:
Sexual division of labor in modern societies: The
phenomenon of dividing production functions by gender and designating different spheres of activity, the “private” to women and the “public” to men.
– Led to the three waves of feminism
– Did not allow for women to accrue economic or social capital
Conflict
The transmission of society’s norms, values, and knowledge base by means of direct instruction.
Education
Education that occurs within academic institutions.
Formal Education
The extension of formal school to wide segments of the population.
Mass Education
Universal education system provided by the government by tax revenues rather than student fees.
Public Education
Access to desirable work and social status depend on the possession of a certificate or diploma
certifying completion of a formal education.
Credentialed Society
U.S. ranks _ in education compared to the rest of the world
26th out of 34 countries
The proportion of people
going to college has _.
increased
The proportion of people dropping out of college has _.
increased
Fewer students are finishing college.
- _% of 4 years never get a degree
- _% at 2 years
- 50%
- 65%
_ perspective of Education:
Moral Education (Durkheim)- schools teach students the norms and values necessary to maintain society.
Functionalism
Functionalism perspective of Education:
Schools teach students the norms and values necessary to maintain society.
Moral Education (Durkheim)
_ perspective of Education:
Hidden Curriculum (Phillip Jackson) – The unspoken
classroom socialization into norms, values, and roles of a society that school provide along with the “official curriculum, that reinforces social stratification.”
Conflict
Conflict perspective of Education:
The unspoken
classroom socialization into norms, values, and roles of a society that school provide along with the “official curriculum, that reinforces social stratification.”
Hidden Curriculum (Phillip Jackson)
Conflict perspective of Education:
Racial, ethnic, or other segregation resulting from societal differences between groups, as
socioeconomic or political disparity, without institutionalized legislation intended to segregate.
- Neighborhood segregation of schools
- Disparity in income creates disparity resources
De Facto Segregation
_ perspective of Education:
De Facto Segregation: racial, ethnic, or other segregation resulting from societal differences between groups, as
socioeconomic or political disparity, without institutionalized legislation intended to segregate.
- Neighborhood segregation of schools
- Disparity in income creates disparity resources
Conflict
_ perspective of Education:
Pygmalion effect: Teachers believe in children who are late bloomers resulted in better expectations and children who were not expected did not perform as well
Symbolic interactionist
Symbolic interactionist perspective of Education:
Teachers believe in children who are late bloomers resulted in better expectations and children who were not expected did not perform as well
Pygmalion effect
A system of common beliefs and rituals centered on “sacred things” that unites believers and provides a sense of meaning and purpose.
Religion
A belief in one or more supernatural deities
Theism
Religion is a _, that symbolic interactionists point out is altering its _ and _ over time and throughout history
- social construction
- Beliefs and rituals
Functionalist perspective on religion:
Divided into two parts
1. Profane
2. sacred
Émile Durkheim
Functionalist perspective on religion: Émile Durkheim
Divided into two parts
- Sphere of routine, everyday life
Profane
Functionalist perspective on religion: Émile Durkheim
Divided into two parts
- That which is set apart from the ordinary, the
sphere that is endowed with spiritual meaning.
* E.g., Totems; Rituals
Sacred
Functionalist perspective on religion: Émile Durkheim
Serves three important social functions
- Reaffirms community
- Provides values (therefore beliefs and norms)
- Create social solidarity (reaffirming social bonds)
Conflict perspective on religion: Karl Marx
Believed Religion _
reinforced class inequality
Conflict perspective on religion:
Early philosopher predicting a secular future
Karl Marx
Type of religious organization:
Well-established religious organization that exists in a fairly harmonious relationship with larger society
Church
Type of religious organization:
Religious organization that has splintered off from an established church in an effort to restore perceived “true” beliefs and practices
believed to have been lost by the established religious organization.
Sect
Type of religious organization:
New religious groups or communities that occupy a
peripheral place in a country’s dominant landscape.
New Religious Movement
Type of religious organization:
A religious organization that is thoroughly unconventional with regard to the larger society
Cult
The rise of worldly thinking, particularly as seen in the rise of science, technology, and rational thought, and a simultaneous decline in the influence of religion
Secularization
5 Major Religions
- Christianity
- Islam
- Hinduism
- Buddhism
- Judaism
Major Religions:
Originated in 2000 B.C.E.
- One of the OG monotheistic religions
- Judaism: religion
- Jew: one who adheres to Judaism
- (Jewish refers to ethnicity)
- Moses: recognized as the preeminent prophet
- Torah: sacred text held by Jews
Interesting Facts:
- Main followers in Israel and the U.S.
- Birth of Individualism
- Decreasing in Numbers
Judaism
Major Religions:
Largest religion in the U.S. and world
- Proportion decreasing in the U.S.; shifting to “unaffiliated”
Basic Definitions:
- Christianity: religion
- Christian: one who adheres to Christianity
- Jesus: recognized as the Son of God, the Savior foretold in the Old Testament
- Bible: collection of sacred texts that Christians hold as the word of God and as truth
Interesting Facts:
- Jewish cult –> Sect –> Religion
- Multiple Sects of Christianity today
- Decreasing in Numbers
Christianity
Major Religions:
Second-largest religion in the world
- 2035
Basic Definitions:
- Islam: religion
- Muslim: one who adheres to Islam
- Mohammed: prophet of the religion
- Qur’an: sacred text held by Muslims as the word of Allah
Fun Facts:
- Collectivists/Extended Families
- Growing in Popularity Across the World
- Increasing in Numbers of Affiliated
Islam
Major Religions:
Originated in the 4th C. B.C.E. as a sect of Hinduism
- Siddartha was the first enlightened one, Buddha
Basic Definitions:
- Buddhism: religion
- Buddhist: one who adheres to Budhism
- The Pali Canon – collection of teachings from Buddha
Fun Facts:
- Nontheistic religion
- Provides a set of rules for righteous living
- Growing with globalization
Buddhism
Major Religions:
Third-Largest religion in the world
- Primarily practiced in India
Basic Definitions:
- Hinduism: religion
- Hindu: one who adheres to Hinduism
- Vedas: oldest and most sacred texts
- 8+ other sacred texts
Fun Facts:
- Polytheistic religion
- One of the oldest religions in the world (~2000 years older than Christianity)
- Increasing representation around the world
Hinduism
Which religion will be the largest by 2035?
Islam
Health is a _
social construction
The condition of being
unhealthy in your body or mind that prevents an individual from functioning normally.
Illness
Medicine emphasizing a healthy lifestyle that will prevent poor health before it occurs.
Preventive Medicine
The extent to which a person experiences a state of mental, physical, and social well-being.
Health
All activities intended to sustain, promote, and enhance health.
Health Care
_ that have led to an increase in life expectancy were treated as deviant and received social controls
medical innovations
_ Perspective of Health:
Emphasizes that good health and effective medical care are essential for a society’s ability to function
Functionalism
Functionalism Perspective of Health:
_ Function: Prevent illness and improve all aspects of health.
Manifest
Functionalism Perspective of Health:
_ Function: Prolong life span, change of perspective on age and life.
Latent
Functionalism Perspective of Health:
People are now expected to do everything they can to remain _
healthy in mind and body
_ Perspective of Health:
Health care is based on capitalism, and as such, there is unequal access to health care.
- Somebody benefits
– Health Care Companies
– Hospitals
– Doctors
– Medicine Companies
Conflict
Conflict Perspective of Health:
Social status differences found in society are
reinforced in _
health and health care
_ Perspective of Health:
Health and illness are social constructions
- physical and mental conditions have little or no
objective reality.
- Instead, who is considered healthy or ill is defined by a society
Symbolic interactionist
Symbolic interactionist Perspective of Health:
Cultural definition of the appropriate behaviors of and responses to people labeled as sick.
Sick Roles
Social issue and public health:
_ are a critical part of preventative medicine
Vaccines
Social issue and public health:
- Once a socially stigmatized death sentence, has
now become an understood, accepted disease that people are able to “live with.”
- Progress continues to be made
– 1982: Stigmatized Gay Disease
- 1995: Straight Celebrities (i.e., Magic Johnson,
Charlie Sheen) helped dispel stereotypes and
helped make people who have HIV and AIDs be
seen as less deviant
- Today, measurable progress has been made
(covered by insurers) while in other areas there is more to go (homosexuals are not allowed to donate blood?).
AIDS
Social issue and public health:
Common _ issues
- Depression
– 10-15% of the total population
- Anxiety
– 18% of the general population (40 million
adults)
- PTSD
– %20 of our returning soldiers
Untreated is an Issue
- Affordability of proper Tx
- Consequences of improper Tx
- Physical Illness
- Homelessness
- Suicide
mental health
Social issue and public health:
In modern society, mental health has not truly been afforded the _
sick role
A large number of people who come together in a continuing and organized effort to bring about social change, relying in some part, on non-institutionalized forms of political action.
Social Movements
Economic system without private ownership of the means of production and
theoretically, without economic classes on inequality
Communism
Economic system where the govt. manages the economy in the interest of the workers, owning the means of producing wealth to redistribute among the population
Socialism
An economic system characterized by the market allocation of goods and services, production for private profit, and private ownership of the means of producing wealth.
Capitalism
Capitalism:
Jobs are linked to the government and encompass production and allocation of goods and services for the benefits of the govt. or its citizens.
Public Sector
Capitalism:
Jobs that provide goods and services from individual investors with primary motive of gaining profit.
Private Sector
_ emphasizes free, unregulated markets and private, rather than government, decision making.
- Successful at
– producing diverse and desirable products
– innovation and invention
Capitalism
Functionalist Perspective of Social Change:
#1) The development of
increasingly specialized roles and institutions.
- Societies change to narrow people’s work and lives.
- The new roles, lead to social change.
Differentiation
Functionalist Perspective of Social Change:
#2) Increase diversity of communities that were formerly homogeneous.
- Diversity leads to more new ideas, more social change.
Organic Solidarity (Durkheim)
Conflict Perspective of Social Change:
People who emerge from
subordinated groups and challenge the social hierarchy.
Organic Intellectuals
Symbolic interactionist Perspective of Social Change:
Purports that social change is characterized by a cycle of growth and decline.
Rise and Fall Theory
Movement seeking to fundamentally change the existing social, political, and/or economic system in light of a detailed alternative vision
Revolution
Movement seeking to fundamentally change
the existing social, political, and/or economic system.
- do not have alternative vision.
Rebellion
Movement to bring about change within the existing economic and political system.
Reformist
Movement designed to
bring fundamental changes in values, culture, and
private life.
- E.g., “me too movement”, “anti-___ movement”
New Social Movements
New Social Movements:
Part of people’s _
- Assisted by Modern Communication
– #activism
- Increase in self funded/grass root activism
identity and daily activities
