EXAM #3 Flashcards
1
Q
Two or more individuals who identify themselves as being related to one another, usually by blood, marriage, or adoption, and
who share intimate relationships and dependency
A
Family
2
Q
A culturally approved relationship, usually between two individuals, that provides a degree of economic cooperation, emotional intimacy, and sexual activity
A
Marriage
3
Q
Mean age of mother at first birth, United States Graph we can see _
A
a) both men and women waiting to get married
b) women waiting longer to have babies (married or not)
4
Q
Social groups consisting of one or more parents, children, and other kin, often spanning several generations, living in the same household (i.e.,
grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins)
A
Extended families
5
Q
- More characteristic in pre-industrial American families
- Now more likely to be practiced among modern racial and ethnic groups who are collectivists
A
Extended families
6
Q
Families characterized by parents living with their
biological children and apart from other kin
A
Nuclear families
7
Q
In the 1950’s ~ 60% of families were _ and ¾ of wives homemakers
A
nuclear
8
Q
Today the bread-winner homemaker structure
is rare
- Nuclear families are still seen as the norm
- Married couples with Children make up only
_ of AMERICAN FAMILIES
A
20%
9
Q
_ families were (and are) large extended families.
– children valued for the labor they provided.
– Marriages endured due to
* family negotiated agreements (e.g. Dowries)
* Divorce was not the normative or easy
* Early mortality compared to today
A
Agrarian
10
Q
Industrialized families became _ to adapt to structure.
– Children and Women (single) valued for the labor
– Families were nuclear
* Women relegated to due private work all alone for first time
* Men relegated to public life
* Children labor became more valuable in the home
A
nuclear
11
Q
Technological/Information age families
A
– Men and Women participate in both public and private sphere
– Families Diversified
– Children are Prized Asset Who Work After Education
12
Q
The United States’ attitude regarding what a family is has evolved over time (3)
A
1) Definition of who is in the group (family)
2) Children’s Role
3) Gender Role within Marriage
13
Q
Evolution of family over history:
Today we see differences in _
A
- Age of marriage
- Age of having children
- Attitudes toward different types of families
14
Q
Functionalism of Families:
Traditional ideas
- _ describes male and females as complementary to maintain the family and be the primary socialization of individuals i.e. instilling of social norms
A
Talcott Parson’s
15
Q
Functionalism of Families:
Traditional ideas
- Criticized for scientifically re-enforcing traditional _
A
gender roles
16
Q
Modern Sociological Perspectives of Family:
George Murdock (1940) studied 200 societies and concluded four functions
A
- Stable satisfaction of the sex drive
- The biological reproduction of the next generation
- Socialization of the young
- Meeting its members economic needs
17
Q
Modern Sociological Perspectives of Family:
George Murdock (1940) studied 200 societies and concluded four functions
- within monogamous
relationships
A
Stable satisfaction of the sex drive
18
Q
Modern Sociological Perspectives of Family:
George Murdock (1940) studied 200 societies and concluded four functions
- without which society cannot continue
A
The biological reproduction of the next generation
19
Q
Modern Sociological Perspectives of Family:
George Murdock (1940) studied 200 societies and concluded four functions
- teaching basic norms and values
A
Socialization of the young
20
Q
Modern Sociological Perspectives of Family:
George Murdock (1940) studied 200 societies and concluded four functions
- producing food and shelter for example.”
A
Meeting its members economic needs
21
Q
Conflict-Feminists perspective:
Traditional families subordinate women
- _ —» Productive, paid work force
A
Men
22
Q
Conflict-Feminists perspective:
Traditional families subordinate women
- _ —» Reproductive, non-paid domestic and childcare duties
A
Women
23
Q
Conflict-Feminists perspective:
The phenomenon of dividing production functions by gender and
designating different spheres of activity, the “private” to women and the “public” to men
A
Sexual division of labor in modern societies
24
Q
Conflict-Feminists perspective:
Sexual division of labor in modern societies
- Led to the three waves of feminism
- Did not allow for women to accrue _
A
economic or social capital
25
Symbolic Interactionist explore the changing meanings of _
what is family
26
Symbolic Interactionism Perspective:
They argue that shared activities help to build emotional bonds among
family members, and that marriage and family relationships are based on _
negotiated meanings
27
Symbolic Interactionism Perspective:
They study _
1) Change in Individual definitions of family changes over time
2) Societies definition of families change
28
Symbolic Interactionism Perspective:
They study _
- Family of Origin vs Family of Procreation
Change in Individual definitions of family changes over time
29
Symbolic Interactionism Perspective:
They study _
- Adoptive families
- Single Dads
- Transgender children
- Cohabitating
Societies definition of families change
30
Age of marriage is _
increasing
31
Age of having children is _
increasing, having kids later
32
The transmission of society’s norms, values, and knowledge base by means of direct instruction
Education
33
Education that occurs within academic institutions
Formal Education
34
The extension of formal school to wide segments of the population
Mass Education
35
Universal education system provided by the government by tax revenues rather than student fees
Public Education
36
Access to desirable work and social status depend on the possession of a certificate or diploma certifying completion of a formal education
Credentialed Society
37
History of Education:
Industrialization led for the need for the proletariat to be _ in Europe
literate
38
History of Education:
In America, being literate was equated with earning
liberty, and most people were literate in some way prior to the establishment of _
public education
39
History of Education:
Public education and secondary education is built
around the _ lifestyles in which they were developed
American agrarian
40
History of Education:
- First public high school was built in _
Boston in 1820s
41
In 2012, _ was given to 34 developed countries.
- Given to 15 year olds
Programme for International Student
Assessment
42
US Education Rankings:
- _ Math
- _ in Reading
- _ in Science
- 17th
- 17th
- 21st
43
Educational Calendar:
Japan = _ days of school
243
44
Educational Calendar:
South Korea = _ days of school
220
45
Educational Calendar:
Israel = _ days of school
216
46
Educational Calendar:
Luxembourg = _ days of school
216
47
Educational Calendar:
The netherlands = _ days of school
200
48
Educational Calendar:
Scotland = _ days of school
200
49
Educational Calendar:
Thailand = _ days of school
200
50
Educational Calendar:
Hong Kong = _ days of school
195
51
Educational Calendar:
England = _ days of school
192
52
Educational Calendar:
Hungary = _ days of school
192
53
Educational Calendar:
Swaziland = _ days of school
191
54
Educational Calendar:
Finland = _ days of school
190
55
Educational Calendar:
New Zealand = _ days of school
190
56
Educational Calendar:
Nigeria = _ days of school
190
57
Educational Calendar:
France = _ days of school
185
58
Educational Calendar:
United States = _ days of school
180
59
School Improvement:
More Time in School?
- Longer school days/year?
- Taking away from _ is considered breaking a more
“family time”
60
School Improvement:
Collaboration
- More time to collaborate/cooperate with _
staff (and parents)
61
School Improvement:
Technology
- Always _ forever updating?
changing
62
School Improvement:
Problems with Each Solution?
- Financial
- Time
63
Social Trends Associated with Education:
- The proportion of the
population finishing high
school has _
never been higher
64
Social Trends Associated with Education:
- The proportion of people
going to college has _
increased
65
Social Trends Associated with Education:
- The people graduating from college has _, but so has _
- increased
- dropped out
66
College Completion Rates:
More people than ever are attending college
- Fewer students are _ college
finishing
67
College Completion Rates:
More people than ever are attending college
- Fewer students are finishing college
-- _ of 4 years never get a degree
-- _ at 2 years
- 50%
- 65%
68
College Completion Rates:
Why are so many attending college?
- Elongated adolescence
- What we do after high school
- Access to Financial Aid
- Increase access to all student populations
69
College Completion Rates:
Why are so many not finishing?
- $/Work demands
- Rigorous curriculum to unprepared students
- Lack of institutional accountability ($ based on grads)
70
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Functionalism
- This perspective argues that _
education prepares people to participate in the larger society
71
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Functionalism
- This perspective argues that education prepares
people to participate in the larger society
-- _ group
-- First _ that resembles adult life
- Secondary
- LARGE social setting
72
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Functionalism
- Schools teach students the
norms and values necessary to maintain society
Moral Education (Durkheim)
73
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Conflict Perspective
- Believes schools _
socialize students in the dominant norms and values that produce social stratification
74
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Believes schools socialize students in the dominant norms and values that produce social stratification
Conflict perspective
75
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
This perspective argues that education prepares people to participate in the larger society
Functionalism
76
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
- Hidden Curriculum (Phillip Jackson)
- De Facto Segregation
Conflict Perspective
77
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Conflict Perspective
- The unspoken classroom socialization into norms, values, and roles of a society that school provide along with the “official curriculum, that reinforces social stratification.”
Hidden Curriculum (Phillip Jackson)
78
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Conflict Perspective
- racial, ethnic, or other segregation resulting from societal differences between groups, as socioeconomic or political disparity, without institutionalized legislation intended to segregate
De Facto Segregation
79
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Conflict Perspective
-- Neighborhood segregation of schools
-- Disparity in income creates disparity resources
De Facto Segregation
80
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Educator Expectation = self–fulfilling prophecy
Symbolic Interactionist
Perspective
81
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Symbolic Interactionist
Perspective
- Educator Expectation = _
self–fulfilling prophecy
82
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Symbolic Interactionist
Perspective
- _ expectations
-- _ are only one source
-- Other sources include
--- Peers
--- Parents
--- Bosses
--- Spouses/Significant others
- Student
-- Teachers
83
Putting Theory to Practice:
Summer 2009 _ made serious efforts to improve
WCSD
84
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students receiving free or reduced lunch
- 93% = _
Asian
85
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students receiving free or reduced lunch
- 71% = _
African American
86
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students receiving free or reduced lunch
- 77% = _
White
87
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students receiving free or reduced lunch
- 81% = _
Hispanic
88
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students receiving free or reduced lunch
- 69% = _
American Indian
89
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students NEVER receiving free or reduced lunch
- 95% = _
White
90
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students receiving free or reduced lunch
- overall = _%
80%
91
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students NEVER receiving free or reduced lunch
- Overall = _%
94%
92
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students NEVER receiving free or reduced lunch
- 98% = _
Asian
93
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students NEVER receiving free or reduced lunch
- 85% = _
African American
94
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students NEVER receiving free or reduced lunch
- 87% = _
Hispanic
95
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students NEVER receiving free or reduced lunch
- 96% = _
American Indian
96
A system of common beliefs and rituals centered on “sacred things” that unites believers and provides a sense of meaning and purpose
Religion
97
A belief in one or more supernatural deities
Theism
98
Sociological perspective applied to religion:
- Not the _
- Not the study of the nature of God and religious belief (Theology)
-- Temple Mount, Israel
science of religion
99
Sociological study of religion:
We apply sociology to understand this subgroup
- Subgroup with a _
- Socialization to _
- Group _
- culture
- norms
- Dynamics
100
How do sociologists approach religion?
1. Religious beliefs are the social constructions of humans
2. Interest in the social organization of religion
3. Religion serves a function as a source of solidarity within a group or society.
4. Study the ways in which social forces, rather than individual spiritual experiences, affect people’s commitment to religion
101
How do sociologists approach religion?
1. Religious beliefs are the _
social constructions of humans
102
How do sociologists approach religion?
2. Interest in the _
social organization of religion
103
How do sociologists approach religion?
3. Religion serves a _
function as a source of solidarity within a group or society
104
How do sociologists approach religion?
4. Study the ways in which _, rather than _, affect people’s _
- social forces
- individual spiritual experiences
- commitment to religion
105
Religion - Functionalist Perspective:
Theories based on Australian Aborigines
Émile Durkheim
106
Religion - Functionalist Perspective:
Divided world into two parts
- Profane
- Sacred
Émile Durkheim
107
Religion - Functionalist Perspective:
Sphere of routine, everyday life
Profane
108
Religion - Functionalist Perspective:
That which is set apart from the ordinary, the sphere that is endowed with spiritual meaning
Sacred
109
Religion - Functionalist Perspective:
Serves three important social functions
1) Reaffirms community
2) Provides values (therefore beliefs and norms)
3) Create social solidarity (reaffirming social bonds)
Whose concept?
Émile Durkheim - Functionalist
110
Religion - Functionalist Perspective:
Serves three important social functions
1) Reaffirms community
2) Provides values (therefore beliefs and norms)
3) Create social solidarity (reaffirming social bonds)
111
Religion - Conflict Perspective:
Believed Religion Reinforced Class inequality
- “...[religion] is the opium of the people.”
- “Religion discourages the oppressed from
understanding the nature of their oppression in the
present life, serving the interests of the powerful.”
Karl Marx
112
Religion - Conflict Perspective:
Early philosopher predicting a secular future
Karl Marx
113
Religion - Conflict Perspective:
Karl Marx
- Early philosopher predicting a _
secular future
114
Religion - Symbolic Interactionist Perspective:
_ of religion, religious beliefs, religious rituals, and religious symbols
Social construction
115
Religion - Symbolic Interactionist Perspective:
Particularly concerned with the _
- This would continue to marginalize people’s beliefs
about formal religion
- Plague growing religious groups
disenchantment that would result from bureaucratization
116
Religious Organizations:
Well-established religious organization that exists in a fairly harmonious relationship with larger society
Church
117
Religious Organizations:
A religious organization that has splintered off from an established church in an effort to restore perceived “true” beliefs and practices
believed to have been lost by the established religious organization
Sect
118
Religious Organizations:
New religious groups or communities that occupy a
peripheral place in a country’s dominant landscape
New Religious Movement
119
Religious Organizations:
A religious organization that is thoroughly unconventional with regard to the larger society
Cult
120
Religion, like other groups, can leave people _
vulnerable to conflict and prejudice
121
Sociological Study of Religion:
Current Affairs
- Important to understand _
history
122
Sociological Study of Religion:
Current Affairs
- Also important to practice _
cultural relativism to understand why people
think they way they do
123
Sociological Study of Religion:
Current Affairs
- Understanding does not equal _
condoning behavior
124
The rise of worldly thinking, particularly as seen in the rise of science, technology, and rational thought, and a simultaneous decline in the influence of religion
Secularization
125
5 Major Religions
1. Christianity
2. Islam
3. Hinduism
4. Buddhism
5. Judaism
126
Religion Today:
_ largest religion in world.
- 2035?
Christianity
127
_ is a philosophy that
influenced religions
Confucianism
128
Religion Today:
Originated in 2000 B.C.E.
- One of the OG monotheistic religions
Judaism
129
Religion Today: Judaism
Religion
Judaism
130
Religion Today: Judaism
One who adheres to Judaism
- (Jewish refers to ethnicity)
Jew
131
Religion Today: Judaism
Recognized as the preeminent prophet
Moses
132
Religion Today: Judaism
Sacred text held by Jews
Torah
133
Religion Today: Judaism
Interesting Facts:
- Main followers in _ and _
Israel and the U.S.
134
Religion Today: Judaism
Religion Today: Judaism
Interesting Facts:
- Birth of _
- Decreasing in Numbers
Individualism
135
Religion Today:
Largest religion in the U.S. and world
- Proportion decreasing in the U.S.; shifting to “unaffiliated”
Christianity
136
Religion Today: Christianity
Religion
Christianity
137
Religion Today: Christianity
One who adheres to Christianity
Christian
138
Religion Today: Christianity
Recognized as the Son of God, the Savior foretold in the Old Testament
Jesus
139
Religion Today: Christianity
Collection of sacred texts that Christians hold as the word of God and as truth
Bible
140
Religion Today: Christianity
Interesting Facts:
- Jewish cult ---> Sect ---> Religion
- Multiple _ of Christianity today
- Decreasing in Numbers
Sects
141
Religion Today:
Second-largest religion in the world
- 2035
Islam
142
Religion Today: Islam
Religion
Islam
143
Religion Today: Islam
One who adheres to Islam
Muslim
144
Religion Today: Islam
Prophet of the religion
Mohammed
145
Religion Today: Islam
Sacred text held by Muslims as the word of Allah
Qur’an
146
Religion Today: Islam
Fun Facts:
- Collectivists/Extended Families
- _ Across the World
Growing in Popularity
147
Religion Today: Islam
Fun Facts:
- _ in Numbers of Affiliated
Increasing
148
5 Pillars of Islam
1. Accepting Allah as God and Muhammad as
Allah’s messenger.
2. Worshipping according to rituals, including
facing toward Mecca and bowing in prayer at
least five times a day.
3. Giving alms, or donations, to those who are
poor or in need.
4. Making a holy pilgrimage to Mecca at least
once in a lifetime.
5. Observing Ramadan, a month of prayer and
fasting during the daylight hours
149
Religion Today:
Originated in the 4th C. B.C.E. as a sect of Hinduism
- Siddartha was the first enlightened one, Buddha
Buddhism
150
Religion Today: Buddhism
Religion
Buddhism
151
Religion Today: Buddhism
One who adheres to Budhism
Buddhist
152
Religion Today: Buddhism
Collection of teachings from Buddha
The Pali Canon
153
Religion Today: Buddhism
Fun Facts:
- _ religion
Nontheistic
154
Religion Today: Buddhism
Fun Facts:
- Provides _
a set of rules for righteous living
155
Religion Today: Buddhism
Fun Facts:
- _ with globalization
Growing
156
Religion Today:
Third-Largest religion in the world
- Primarily practiced in India
Hinduism
157
Religion Today: Hinduism
Religion
Hinduism
158
Religion Today: Hinduism
One who adheres to Hinduism
Hindu
159
Religion Today: Hinduism
Oldest and most sacred texts
- 8+ other sacred texts
Vedas
160
Religion Today: Hinduism
Fun Facts:
- _ religion
Polytheistic
161
Religion Today: Hinduism
Fun Facts:
- One of the _ religions in the world
oldest (~2000 years older than Christianity)
162
Religion Today: Hinduism
Fun Facts:
- _ representation around the world
Increasing
163
Health is a product of _
culture
164
Perceptions of _ and _ is defined by our culture
health and illness
165
Americans have _ of health and illness
- Other cultures have others
-- Holistic
-- Eastern Medicine
one perspective
166
Social construction of health
- What we consider healthy and what we consider illness is defined by _
our culture
167
Most of human history has
been spent trying to _
overcome illness
168
The condition of being unhealthy in your body or mind that prevents an individual from functioning normally
Illness
169
Almost every medical innovation was treated as _
- A phenomenon exhibited in most medical advancements
deviants
170
Medicine emphasizing a healthy lifestyle that will prevent poor health before it occurs
Preventive Medicine
171
The extent to which a person experiences a state of mental, physical, and social well-being
Health
172
All activities intended to sustain, promote, and enhance health
Health Care
173
Health - Sociological Perspectives:
_ emphasizes that good health and effective medical care are essential for a society's ability to function
Functionalism
174
Health - Sociological Perspectives:
Functionalism
- _ Function: Prevent illness and improve all aspects of health
Manifest
175
Health - Sociological Perspectives:
Functionalism
- _ Function: Prolong life span, change of perspective on age and life
Latent
176
Health - Sociological Perspectives:
Functionalism
- People are now expected to do everything they can
to remain _
healthy in mind and body
177
Health - Sociological Perspectives:
_ Perspective on Health
- Health care is based on capitalism, and as such, there is unequal access to health care
Conflict
178
Health - Sociological Perspectives:
Conflict Perspective on Health
- Somebody _
-- Health Care Companies
-- Hospitals
-- Doctors
-- Medicine Companies
benefits
179
Health - Sociological Perspectives:
Conflict Perspective on Health
- Social status differences found in society are
reinforced in health and health care
-- Data at every age shows _
disparities
180
Health - Sociological Perspectives:
- health and illness are social constructions
- physical and mental conditions have little or no
objective reality
- Instead, who is considered healthy or ill is defined by a society
Symbolic Interactionism
181
Health - Sociological Perspectives:
Symbolic Interactionism
- Cultural definition of the appropriate behaviors of and responses to people labeled as sick
Sick Roles
182
3 social Issues and Public Health
1. Vaccines
2. Aids
3. Mental illness and sick roles
183
social Issues and Public Health:
_ are a critical part
of preventative medicine
Vaccines
184
social Issues and Public Health:
Vaccines
- There is _ correlation with autism
no
185
social Issues and Public Health:
- Once a socially stigmatized death sentence, has now become an understood, accepted disease that people are able to “live with."
- Progress continues to be made
Aids
186
social Issues and Public Health:
Aids
- 1995: Straight Celebrities (i.e., Magic Johnson,
Charlie Sheen) helped dispel stereotypes and
helped make people who have HIV and AIDs be seen as _
less deviant
187
social Issues and Public Health:
Mental illness & sick roles
- Common mental health issues
- 10-15% of the total population
Depression
188
social Issues and Public Health:
Mental illness & sick roles
- Common mental health issues
- 18% of the general population (40 million adults)
Anxiety
189
social Issues and Public Health:
Mental illness & sick roles
- Common mental health issues
- %20 of our returning soldiers
PTSD
190
social Issues and Public Health:
Mental illness & sick roles
- _ is an Issue
-- Affordability of proper Tx
-- Consequences of improper Tx
--- Physical Illness
--- Homelessness
--- Suicide
Untreated Mental Health
191
social Issues and Public Health:
Mental illness & sick roles
- In modern society, mental health has not truly been _
afforded the sick role
192
A large number of people who come together in a continuing and organized effort to bring about social change, relying in some part, on non-institutionalized forms of political action
Social Movements
193
Social Movements:
Urbanization has brought people together both in _ and _
body and in spirit
194
Social Movements:
Urbanization has brought people together both in
body and in spirit.
- As society has become increasingly urban, it has also become increasingly _
diverse
195
Social Movements:
Urbanization has brought people together both in
body and in spirit.
- Many social movements arose in the last 200 years as societies became more _ and _
diverse and democratic
196
Social movements facilitates _
social change locally, nationally, and globally
197
The First Social Movement - Capitalism to Communism:
_ believed the proletariat would revolt against the industrialist bourgeoisie
Marx’s
198
The First Social Movement - Capitalism to Communism:
Economic system without private ownership of the means of production and
theoretically, without economic classes on inequality
Communism
199
The First Social Movement - Capitalism to Communism:
Marx’s transition form of government was _
socialism
200
The First Social Movement - Capitalism to Communism:
Economic system where the govt. manages the economy in the interest of the workers, owning the means of producing wealth to redistribute among the population
Socialism
201
The First Social Movement - Capitalism to Communism:
_ in contemporary govt.
Less prevalent
202
The First Social Movement - Capitalism to Communism:
Less prevalent in contemporary govt.
- Too _ of modern business
rigid for fast pace
203
The First Social Movement - Capitalism to Communism:
Less prevalent in contemporary govt.
- Power _, those who have (gov’t) never give it to the people
corrupts
204
The First Social Movement - Capitalism to Communism:
An economic system characterized by the market allocation of goods and services, production for private profit, and private ownership of the means of producing wealth
Capitalism
205
2 Sectors of Capitalism
1. Public
2. Private
206
Capitalism:
Jobs are linked to the government and encompass production and allocation of goods and
services for the benefits of the govt. or its citizens
Public Sector
207
Capitalism:
Jobs that provide goods and services from individual investors with primary motive of gaining profit
Private Sector
208
_ emphasizes free,
unregulated markets and private, rather than government, decision making
Capitalism
209
Capitalism emphasizes _, rather than government, decision making
free, unregulated markets and private
210
Capitalism Successful at _
- producing diverse and desirable products
- innovation and invention
211
Capitalism unsuccessful at _
creating equal opportunity for everyone
212
Functionalist Perspective on Social Change:
2 functions of social change
1. Differentiation
2. Organic solidarity (Durkheim)
213
Functionalist Perspective on Social Change:
The development of
increasingly specialized roles and institutions
Differentiation
214
Functionalist Perspective on Social Change:
Differentiation
- Societies change to _ people’s work and lives
narrow
215
Functionalist Perspective on Social Change:
Differentiation
- The _, lead to social change
new roles
216
Functionalist Perspective on Social Change:
Increase diversity of communities that were formerly homogeneous
Organic Solidarity (Durkheim)
217
Functionalist Perspective on Social Change:
Organic Solidarity (Durkheim)
- _ leads to more new ideas, more social change
Diversity
218
Conflict Perspective on Social Change:
_ believed that two factors lead to social change
Marx
219
Conflict Perspective on Social Change:
Marx believed that two factors lead to social
change.
- Step 1)
Collective consciousness of the proletariat will motivate people to unite to overcome a conflict with the bourgeoisie
220
Conflict Perspective on Social Change:
Marx believed that two factors lead to social
change.
- Step 2)
When the concentration of power among the bourgeoisie becomes so disproportionate it leads to
revolution
221
Conflict Perspective on Social Change:
_ Theory
– Identifying conflicts in society leads people to develop social movements to create social change
Modern Conflict Theory (Gramsci)
222
Conflict Perspective on Social Change:
Modern Conflict Theory (Gramsci)
- People who emerge from
subordinated groups and challenge the social hierarchy
Organic Intellectuals
222
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective on Social Change:
Purports that social change is characterized by a cycle of growth and decline
Rise and Fall Theory
222
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective on Social Change:
Some _ see greater social change (more rise)
- For example, the 1960s’, 1090s and 2020s are times of more social movements and change
time spans
223
224
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective on Social Change:
Some change involves _
- Social Transformation in the 1700s (rebellions)
- Industrialization in the 1800S
- Transportation was the main innovation of the 1900s
- Technology has been the focus of innovation since 2000s
exactly what is advancing
225
Macro Levels vs Micro Level Social Change:
Sometimes social change creates _ in society
political shifts
226
Macro Levels vs Micro Level Social Change:
Movement seeking to fundamentally change the existing social, political, and/or economic system in light of a detailed alternative vision
Revolution
227
Macro Levels vs Micro Level Social Change:
Movement seeking to fundamentally change the existing social, political, and/or economic system.
- Do not have alternative vision
Rebellion
228
Macro Levels vs Micro Level Social Change:
Movement to bring about change within the existing economic and political system
Reformist
229
Movement designed to
bring fundamental changes in values, culture, and private life
New Social Movements
230
New Social Movements:
Key Points
- Part of people’s _ and _
identity and daily activities
231
New Social Movements:
Key Points
- Assisted by _
-- #activism
-- Increase in self funded/grass root activism
Modern Communication
232
An _ is not required to build community
organization
233
Doing things (kindness) for others does as much to
build a _ as social movements
community
234
Remember sociology is about understanding how
society and the environment influences _
behavior
235
Remember sociology is about understanding how
society and the environment influences behavior.
1) Understanding what it means for you or others to be _
a part of (sub)groups
236
Remember sociology is about understanding how
society and the environment influences behavior.
2) understanding the effects this has on our _,
and
behavior
237
Remember sociology is about understanding how
society and the environment influences behavior.
3) _ is the goal of this class
other people’s behavior (who are a part of another
(sub)groups)
