EXAM #3 Flashcards
Two or more individuals who identify themselves as being related to one another, usually by blood, marriage, or adoption, and
who share intimate relationships and dependency
Family
A culturally approved relationship, usually between two individuals, that provides a degree of economic cooperation, emotional intimacy, and sexual activity
Marriage
Mean age of mother at first birth, United States Graph we can see _
a) both men and women waiting to get married
b) women waiting longer to have babies (married or not)
Social groups consisting of one or more parents, children, and other kin, often spanning several generations, living in the same household (i.e.,
grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins)
Extended families
- More characteristic in pre-industrial American families
- Now more likely to be practiced among modern racial and ethnic groups who are collectivists
Extended families
Families characterized by parents living with their
biological children and apart from other kin
Nuclear families
In the 1950’s ~ 60% of families were _ and ¾ of wives homemakers
nuclear
Today the bread-winner homemaker structure
is rare
- Nuclear families are still seen as the norm
- Married couples with Children make up only
_ of AMERICAN FAMILIES
20%
_ families were (and are) large extended families.
– children valued for the labor they provided.
– Marriages endured due to
* family negotiated agreements (e.g. Dowries)
* Divorce was not the normative or easy
* Early mortality compared to today
Agrarian
Industrialized families became _ to adapt to structure.
– Children and Women (single) valued for the labor
– Families were nuclear
* Women relegated to due private work all alone for first time
* Men relegated to public life
* Children labor became more valuable in the home
nuclear
Technological/Information age families
– Men and Women participate in both public and private sphere
– Families Diversified
– Children are Prized Asset Who Work After Education
The United States’ attitude regarding what a family is has evolved over time (3)
1) Definition of who is in the group (family)
2) Children’s Role
3) Gender Role within Marriage
Evolution of family over history:
Today we see differences in _
- Age of marriage
- Age of having children
- Attitudes toward different types of families
Functionalism of Families:
Traditional ideas
- _ describes male and females as complementary to maintain the family and be the primary socialization of individuals i.e. instilling of social norms
Talcott Parson’s
Functionalism of Families:
Traditional ideas
- Criticized for scientifically re-enforcing traditional _
gender roles
Modern Sociological Perspectives of Family:
George Murdock (1940) studied 200 societies and concluded four functions
- Stable satisfaction of the sex drive
- The biological reproduction of the next generation
- Socialization of the young
- Meeting its members economic needs
Modern Sociological Perspectives of Family:
George Murdock (1940) studied 200 societies and concluded four functions
- within monogamous
relationships
Stable satisfaction of the sex drive
Modern Sociological Perspectives of Family:
George Murdock (1940) studied 200 societies and concluded four functions
- without which society cannot continue
The biological reproduction of the next generation
Modern Sociological Perspectives of Family:
George Murdock (1940) studied 200 societies and concluded four functions
- teaching basic norms and values
Socialization of the young
Modern Sociological Perspectives of Family:
George Murdock (1940) studied 200 societies and concluded four functions
- producing food and shelter for example.”
Meeting its members economic needs
Conflict-Feminists perspective:
Traditional families subordinate women
- _ —» Productive, paid work force
Men
Conflict-Feminists perspective:
Traditional families subordinate women
- _ —» Reproductive, non-paid domestic and childcare duties
Women
Conflict-Feminists perspective:
The phenomenon of dividing production functions by gender and
designating different spheres of activity, the “private” to women and the “public” to men
Sexual division of labor in modern societies
Conflict-Feminists perspective:
Sexual division of labor in modern societies
- Led to the three waves of feminism
- Did not allow for women to accrue _
economic or social capital
Symbolic Interactionist explore the changing meanings of _
what is family
Symbolic Interactionism Perspective:
They argue that shared activities help to build emotional bonds among
family members, and that marriage and family relationships are based on _
negotiated meanings
Symbolic Interactionism Perspective:
They study _
1) Change in Individual definitions of family changes over time
2) Societies definition of families change
Symbolic Interactionism Perspective:
They study _
- Family of Origin vs Family of Procreation
Change in Individual definitions of family changes over time
Symbolic Interactionism Perspective:
They study _
- Adoptive families
- Single Dads
- Transgender children
- Cohabitating
Societies definition of families change
Age of marriage is _
increasing
Age of having children is _
increasing, having kids later
The transmission of society’s norms, values, and knowledge base by means of direct instruction
Education
Education that occurs within academic institutions
Formal Education
The extension of formal school to wide segments of the population
Mass Education
Universal education system provided by the government by tax revenues rather than student fees
Public Education
Access to desirable work and social status depend on the possession of a certificate or diploma certifying completion of a formal education
Credentialed Society
History of Education:
Industrialization led for the need for the proletariat to be _ in Europe
literate
History of Education:
In America, being literate was equated with earning
liberty, and most people were literate in some way prior to the establishment of _
public education
History of Education:
Public education and secondary education is built
around the _ lifestyles in which they were developed
American agrarian
History of Education:
- First public high school was built in _
Boston in 1820s
In 2012, _ was given to 34 developed countries.
- Given to 15 year olds
Programme for International Student
Assessment
US Education Rankings:
- _ Math
- _ in Reading
- _ in Science
- 17th
- 17th
- 21st
Educational Calendar:
Japan = _ days of school
243
Educational Calendar:
South Korea = _ days of school
220
Educational Calendar:
Israel = _ days of school
216
Educational Calendar:
Luxembourg = _ days of school
216
Educational Calendar:
The netherlands = _ days of school
200
Educational Calendar:
Scotland = _ days of school
200
Educational Calendar:
Thailand = _ days of school
200
Educational Calendar:
Hong Kong = _ days of school
195
Educational Calendar:
England = _ days of school
192
Educational Calendar:
Hungary = _ days of school
192
Educational Calendar:
Swaziland = _ days of school
191
Educational Calendar:
Finland = _ days of school
190
Educational Calendar:
New Zealand = _ days of school
190
Educational Calendar:
Nigeria = _ days of school
190
Educational Calendar:
France = _ days of school
185
Educational Calendar:
United States = _ days of school
180
School Improvement:
More Time in School?
- Longer school days/year?
- Taking away from _ is considered breaking a more
“family time”
School Improvement:
Collaboration
- More time to collaborate/cooperate with _
staff (and parents)
School Improvement:
Technology
- Always _ forever updating?
changing
School Improvement:
Problems with Each Solution?
- Financial
- Time
Social Trends Associated with Education:
- The proportion of the
population finishing high
school has _
never been higher
Social Trends Associated with Education:
- The proportion of people
going to college has _
increased
Social Trends Associated with Education:
- The people graduating from college has _, but so has _
- increased
- dropped out
College Completion Rates:
More people than ever are attending college
- Fewer students are _ college
finishing
College Completion Rates:
More people than ever are attending college
- Fewer students are finishing college
– _ of 4 years never get a degree
– _ at 2 years
- 50%
- 65%
College Completion Rates:
Why are so many attending college?
- Elongated adolescence
- What we do after high school
- Access to Financial Aid
- Increase access to all student populations
College Completion Rates:
Why are so many not finishing?
- $/Work demands
- Rigorous curriculum to unprepared students
- Lack of institutional accountability ($ based on grads)
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Functionalism
- This perspective argues that _
education prepares people to participate in the larger society
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Functionalism
- This perspective argues that education prepares
people to participate in the larger society
– _ group
– First _ that resembles adult life
- Secondary
- LARGE social setting
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Functionalism
- Schools teach students the
norms and values necessary to maintain society
Moral Education (Durkheim)
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Conflict Perspective
- Believes schools _
socialize students in the dominant norms and values that produce social stratification
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Believes schools socialize students in the dominant norms and values that produce social stratification
Conflict perspective
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
This perspective argues that education prepares people to participate in the larger society
Functionalism
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
- Hidden Curriculum (Phillip Jackson)
- De Facto Segregation
Conflict Perspective
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Conflict Perspective
- The unspoken classroom socialization into norms, values, and roles of a society that school provide along with the “official curriculum, that reinforces social stratification.”
Hidden Curriculum (Phillip Jackson)
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Conflict Perspective
- racial, ethnic, or other segregation resulting from societal differences between groups, as socioeconomic or political disparity, without institutionalized legislation intended to segregate
De Facto Segregation
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Conflict Perspective
– Neighborhood segregation of schools
– Disparity in income creates disparity resources
De Facto Segregation
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Educator Expectation = self–fulfilling prophecy
Symbolic Interactionist
Perspective
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Symbolic Interactionist
Perspective
- Educator Expectation = _
self–fulfilling prophecy
Sociological Perspectives toward Education:
Symbolic Interactionist
Perspective
- _ expectations
– _ are only one source
– Other sources include
— Peers
— Parents
— Bosses
— Spouses/Significant others
- Student
– Teachers
Putting Theory to Practice:
Summer 2009 _ made serious efforts to improve
WCSD
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students receiving free or reduced lunch
- 93% = _
Asian
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students receiving free or reduced lunch
- 71% = _
African American
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students receiving free or reduced lunch
- 77% = _
White
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students receiving free or reduced lunch
- 81% = _
Hispanic
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students receiving free or reduced lunch
- 69% = _
American Indian
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students NEVER receiving free or reduced lunch
- 95% = _
White
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students receiving free or reduced lunch
- overall = _%
80%
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students NEVER receiving free or reduced lunch
- Overall = _%
94%
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students NEVER receiving free or reduced lunch
- 98% = _
Asian
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students NEVER receiving free or reduced lunch
- 85% = _
African American
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students NEVER receiving free or reduced lunch
- 87% = _
Hispanic
Effects of Social Class:
2019 Grad Rate for students NEVER receiving free or reduced lunch
- 96% = _
American Indian
