Exam 3 Practice

Question 1

Renal autoregulatoin refers to the relative constancy of GFR and renal blood flow. A decrease in arterial pressure and glomerular filtration rate ultimately leads to a reduction in the concentration of sodium ions at the macula densa. This results in which of the following responses that ultimately restores GFR?

A. Release of renin by the juxtaglomerular apparatus
B. Release of endothelin by the glomerular capillaries
C. Release of nitric oxide by the vasa recta endothelium
D. Release of angiotensin II by the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 1

Release of renin by the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 2

GFR is determined by the net filtration pressure and the glomerular capillary filtration coefficient. Which of the following factors has the greatest effect on increasing GFR?

A. Glomerular capillary colloid osmotic pressure
B. Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure
C. Bowman’s capsule colloid osmotic pressure
D. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Answer 2

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Question 3

Minimum change disease occurs when the negative charges on the filtration membrane of the glomerulus are not present. What abnormality in the urine would be expected under these conditions?

A. Urine would contain numerous red blood cells
B. Urine would contain excess albumin
C. Urine would contain excess sodium and chloride
D. Urine would be less concentrated

Answer 3

Urine would contain excess albumin

Question 4

A number of hormones are involved in the control of glomerular filtration rate. Which of the following preferentially constricts the efferent arterioles but has little to no effect on the afferent arterioles?

A. Bradykinin
B. Angiotensin II
C. Endothelial-derived nitric oxide
D. Endothelin

Answer 4

Angiotensin II

Question 5

Which of the following, in liters/day, represents the GFR in the average adult human?

3
125
180
300

Answer 5

180

Question 6

An increase in which of the following factors will result in a decrease in glomerular hydrostatic pressure?

A. Arterial pressure
B. Afferent arteriolar resistance
C. Efferent arteriolar resistance
D. Both B and C
E. All the above

Answer 6

Afferent arteriolar resistance

Question 7

Approximately how much of the total cardiac output is received by the kidneys?

A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%

Answer 7

25%

Question 8

potassium reabsorption occurs mostly in which part(s) of the nephron?

Answer 8

PCT (65%)

Ascending limb of Henle (27%)

Question 9

potassium secretion occurs mostly in which part(s) of the nephron?

Answer 9

DCT (8%)
collecting duct (4%)