exam 3 - oral cavity and esophagus Flashcards
what are some developmental abnormalities to look for in patients?
- oligodontia
- supernumery teeth
- dentigerous cyst
- malocclusion
- cleft palate
- wry nose
- pharyngeal cysts
2 conditions that cause malocclusion?
prognathism
brachygnathism
what is stomatitis?
inflammation of the soft tissues of the oral cavity
t/f
stomatitis can be infectious or non infectious
true
what stomatitis conditions can be of viral origin?
vesicular stomatitis
EVA
EHV
what chemical irritants can cause non infectious stomatitis?
cantharadins [blister beetles in alfalfa hay]
creosote
what drug reactions can cause non infectious stomatitis?
NSAID toxicity
enrofloxacin [oral]
what physical irritants can cause non infectious stomatitis?
foreign bodies
common ex: foxtails
what does Rhabdovirus cause in what species?
vesicular stomatitis
horses, cattle, swine
t/f
vesicular stomatitis is reportable
TRUE
what seasons is vesicular stomatitis MC?
in what regions of the US?
summer and fall
in Western US
how is vesicular stomatitis transmitted?
indirect: via insects
direct: horse to horse
what signs/lesions will a horse with vesicular stomatitis display?
mucosal sluffing of the mouth
coronary band lesions
what is the incubation time of vesicular stomatitis?
24-27 hrs
how large are vesicles in vesicular stomatitis?
up to 2 cm in diameter
c/s of vesicular stomatitis?
fever profuse salivaiton dysphagia anorexia weight loss lameness
vesicular stomatitis dx?
serology
vesicular stomatitis Tx?
supportive care
what are some common developmental dental issues?
crowding
retained cups
malocclusions
what are common dental issues that horses face?
dental caries various developmental issues tooth fragments pulpitis EOTRH
what are dental caries?
destruction of the calcified dental tissues => bacT fermentation => CHO’s => acid
what is the MC loc of dental caries?
maxillary infundibular cemental caries
over 75% of older horses
t/f
dental caries are the same thing as infundibular cemental hypoplasia
false
different conditoins
what is pulpitis?
dental pulp infection / inflammation of the pulp
what causes pulpitis?
- trauma / fractures
- excessive tooth reduction
- thermal damage [power equipment]
- bacT penetration
t/f
pulpitis is non painful sinusitis / fistula
false
painful sinusitis / fistula
what is EOTRH?
equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis
what teeth does EOTRH affect?
what age?
incisors / canines
geriatric horses
what is the etiopathogenesis of EOTRH?
unknown
immune mediated
Tx of EOTRH?
extraction
what occurs during EOTRH?
resorptive or proliferative changes of calcified dental tissues
periodontitis
non healing fistulous tracts in teeth
fragment fracutre and fall out
what salivary glands exist in horse?
parotid
mandibular
sublingual
what salivary gland is the largest?
parotid
where is the parotid gland duct loc?
duct opens near 107/207
where does the duct of the mandibular salivary gland open ?
sublingual caruncle
where does the sublingual salivary gland open?
sublingual fold
what causes sialoadentitis?
ascending infection
2* to trauma -> damaged duct so it does not work properly
what is the cause of sialolithiasis?
calculi formation in the parotid duct
what is the Tx of sialolithiasis?
surgical removal
what is pharyngitis?
cause?
follicular lymphoid hyperplasia d/t antigenic stimulation
common in young horses
what is choke?
esophageal obstruction
what are some predisposing factors to choke?
bolting food change in feed POOR DENTITION*** neuro dys function foreign body [treats, apples] neoplasia abscess SEDATION*** exhaustion / dehydration esophagitis megaesophagus
c/s of esophageal obstruction?
stop eating
acute distress - pawing, sweating, anxious, signs of colic
saliva / feed material from nose and mouth
esophageal spasm
“retching”
dx of esophageal obstruction?
Hx c/s unable to pass tube endoscopy radiographs [barium study]
Tx of esophageal obstruction?
complete PE sedate heavily / muscle relaxant gently pass tube to obstruction copious lavage -> aspiration pneumonia withhold feed anti inflammatory - esophagitis abx [broad spectrum]
what is important to remember about horse breathing when dealing with esophageal obstruction?
they are obligate nasal breathers
so do NOT suffocate them while trying to Tx them
what Tx options for esophageal obstruction that are especially difficult cases?
endoscopy fluid therapy barium study general anesthesia; relaxation***** esophagostomy - poor prognosis at this point***
what complications may arise from esophageal obstruction?
aspiration pneumonia
stricture
diverticulum
rupture - very poor prognosis
what may occur if stricture occurs after an esophageal obstruction?
- recurrent choke may occur
- gruel
- GUARDED PROGNOSIS
what is a common cause of esophagitis?
esophageal reflux
what is a common cause of esophageal rupture?
trauma
what are some common causes of dysphagia?
- CrN dysfunction
- d/t: gutteral pouch disease, neuro dz, toxins, trauma
gutteral pouch infection may affect which CrNn?
7, 9, 10, 11, 12
what are some common signs that indicate CrN dysfunction?
regurgitation nasal discharge salivation weight loss aspiration pneumonia
