exam 3 - oral cavity and esophagus

Question 1

what are some developmental abnormalities to look for in patients?

Answer 1

• oligodontia
• supernumery teeth
• dentigerous cyst
• malocclusion
• cleft palate
• wry nose
• pharyngeal cysts

Question 2

2 conditions that cause malocclusion?

Answer 2

prognathism

brachygnathism

Question 3

what is stomatitis?

Answer 3

inflammation of the soft tissues of the oral cavity

Question 4

t/f

stomatitis can be infectious or non infectious

Answer 4

true

Question 5

what stomatitis conditions can be of viral origin?

Answer 5

vesicular stomatitis
EVA
EHV

Question 6

what chemical irritants can cause non infectious stomatitis?

Answer 6

cantharadins [blister beetles in alfalfa hay]

creosote

Question 7

what drug reactions can cause non infectious stomatitis?

Answer 7

NSAID toxicity

enrofloxacin [oral]

Question 8

what physical irritants can cause non infectious stomatitis?

Answer 8

foreign bodies

common ex: foxtails

Question 9

what does Rhabdovirus cause in what species?

Answer 9

vesicular stomatitis

horses, cattle, swine

Question 10

t/f

vesicular stomatitis is reportable

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

what seasons is vesicular stomatitis MC?

in what regions of the US?

Answer 11

summer and fall

in Western US

Question 12

how is vesicular stomatitis transmitted?

Answer 12

indirect: via insects
direct: horse to horse

Question 13

what signs/lesions will a horse with vesicular stomatitis display?

Answer 13

mucosal sluffing of the mouth

coronary band lesions

Question 14

what is the incubation time of vesicular stomatitis?

Answer 14

24-27 hrs

Question 15

how large are vesicles in vesicular stomatitis?

Answer 15

up to 2 cm in diameter

Question 16

c/s of vesicular stomatitis?

Answer 16

fever
profuse salivaiton
dysphagia
anorexia
weight loss
lameness

Question 17

vesicular stomatitis dx?

Answer 17

serology

Question 18

vesicular stomatitis Tx?

Answer 18

supportive care

Question 19

what are some common developmental dental issues?

Answer 19

crowding
retained cups
malocclusions

Question 20

what are common dental issues that horses face?

Answer 20

dental caries
various developmental issues
tooth fragments
pulpitis
EOTRH

Question 21

what are dental caries?

Answer 21

destruction of the calcified dental tissues => bacT fermentation => CHO’s => acid

Question 22

what is the MC loc of dental caries?

Answer 22

maxillary infundibular cemental caries

over 75% of older horses

Question 23

t/f

dental caries are the same thing as infundibular cemental hypoplasia

Answer 23

false

different conditoins

Question 24

what is pulpitis?

Answer 24

dental pulp infection / inflammation of the pulp

Question 25

what causes pulpitis?

Answer 25

- trauma / fractures - excessive tooth reduction - thermal damage [power equipment] - bacT penetration

Question 26

t/f pulpitis is non painful sinusitis / fistula

Answer 26

false painful sinusitis / fistula

Question 27

what is EOTRH?

Answer 27

equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis

Question 28

what teeth does EOTRH affect? | what age?

Answer 28

incisors / canines geriatric horses

Question 29

what is the etiopathogenesis of EOTRH?

Answer 29

unknown immune mediated

Question 30

Tx of EOTRH?

Answer 30

extraction

Question 31

what occurs during EOTRH?

Answer 31

resorptive or proliferative changes of calcified dental tissues periodontitis non healing fistulous tracts in teeth fragment fracutre and fall out

Question 32

what salivary glands exist in horse?

Answer 32

parotid mandibular sublingual

Question 33

what salivary gland is the largest?

Answer 33

parotid

Question 34

where is the parotid gland duct loc?

Answer 34

duct opens near 107/207

Question 35

where does the duct of the mandibular salivary gland open ?

Answer 35

sublingual caruncle

Question 36

where does the sublingual salivary gland open?

Answer 36

sublingual fold

Question 37

what causes sialoadentitis?

Answer 37

ascending infection | 2* to trauma -> damaged duct so it does not work properly

Question 38

what is the cause of sialolithiasis?

Answer 38

calculi formation in the parotid duct

Question 39

what is the Tx of sialolithiasis?

Answer 39

surgical removal

Question 40

what is pharyngitis? cause?

Answer 40

follicular lymphoid hyperplasia d/t antigenic stimulation common in young horses

Question 41

what is choke?

Answer 41

esophageal obstruction

Question 42

what are some predisposing factors to choke?

Answer 42

``` bolting food change in feed POOR DENTITION*** neuro dys function foreign body [treats, apples] neoplasia abscess SEDATION*** exhaustion / dehydration esophagitis megaesophagus ```

Question 43

c/s of esophageal obstruction?

Answer 43

stop eating acute distress - pawing, sweating, anxious, signs of colic saliva / feed material from nose and mouth esophageal spasm "retching"

Question 44

dx of esophageal obstruction?

Answer 44

``` Hx c/s unable to pass tube endoscopy radiographs [barium study] ```

Question 45

Tx of esophageal obstruction?

Answer 45

``` complete PE sedate heavily / muscle relaxant gently pass tube to obstruction copious lavage -> aspiration pneumonia withhold feed anti inflammatory - esophagitis abx [broad spectrum] ```

Question 46

what is important to remember about horse breathing when dealing with esophageal obstruction?

Answer 46

they are obligate nasal breathers | so do NOT suffocate them while trying to Tx them

Question 47

what Tx options for esophageal obstruction that are especially difficult cases?

Answer 47

``` endoscopy fluid therapy barium study general anesthesia; relaxation***** esophagostomy - poor prognosis at this point*** ```

Question 48

what complications may arise from esophageal obstruction?

Answer 48

aspiration pneumonia stricture diverticulum rupture - very poor prognosis

Question 49

what may occur if stricture occurs after an esophageal obstruction?

Answer 49

- recurrent choke may occur - gruel - GUARDED PROGNOSIS

Question 50

what is a common cause of esophagitis?

Answer 50

esophageal reflux

Question 51

what is a common cause of esophageal rupture?

Answer 51

trauma

Question 52

what are some common causes of dysphagia?

Answer 52

- CrN dysfunction | - d/t: gutteral pouch disease, neuro dz, toxins, trauma

Question 53

gutteral pouch infection may affect which CrNn?

Answer 53

7, 9, 10, 11, 12

Question 54

what are some common signs that indicate CrN dysfunction?

Answer 54

``` regurgitation nasal discharge salivation weight loss aspiration pneumonia ```