Exam 1 - Liver Flashcards

1
Q

what is hepatic insufficiency?

A

inability of the liver to perform its normal fxns properly

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2
Q

what % of liver affected when clinical signs become apparent?

A

80%

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3
Q

clinical signs of liver dz?

A

depression, anorexia, colic. wt loss, hepatic encephalopathy, icterus/jaundice

photosensitization, diarrhea, bleeding, ascites, dependent edema [hypoalbuminemia], tenesmes, pruritis

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4
Q

pathogenesis of photosensitization?

A

photoactive dermatitis - phylloerythrin in plants are removed by the liver -> w liver dz, it is not removed and exposure to UV light which makes free radical formation

non pigmented skin affected first

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5
Q

one main theory of hepatic encephalopathy?

A

hyper albuminemia

but there are many causes…

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6
Q

what does elevated GGT indicate?

A

biliary dz - very liver specific

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7
Q

elevated ALP indicates?

A

biliary dz - cholestasis and chronic dz

also bone, intestine, kidney, placenta, steroid

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8
Q

what does inc SDH indicate?

A

very hepatocellular specific

but is hard to measure

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9
Q

what is the significance of elevated AST and LDH?

A

not muchc - crude indicator

not very liver specific

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10
Q

what is main thing inc bilirubin indicates?

A

anorexia

acute hepatic dz

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11
Q

conjugated bilirubin indications?

A

more reliable indicator of liver dz [over 25%]

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12
Q

best liver fxn test?

A

serum bile acids - highly specific for liver dz

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13
Q

what does liver biopsy provide?

A

see fibrosis, inflammation, bile duct proliferation

can culture tissue

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14
Q

complications of liver biopsy?

A

hemorrahge, pneumo thorax, peritonitis (bile leak, colon or abscess puncture), focal sample

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15
Q

etiology of Theiler’s dz?

A

viral

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16
Q

what viral family is TDAV in?

A

flaviviridae

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17
Q

what does TDAV cause?

A

serum associated hepatitis, acute hepatic necrosis, often SPORADIC cases

18
Q

characteristics of TDAV vaccine?

A

equine biologic origin - tetanus antitoxin

19
Q

etiology of equine infectious anemia?

A

retrovirus

affects mononuclear phagocytes - kupffer’s cells

20
Q

what occurs in foals wiht EHV-1?

A

profound hepatic necrosis and 2* bacT septicemia

21
Q

what does giant cell hepatopathy cause?

A

aborted midterm fetuses

22
Q

what family is EVA in?

A

arterviridae family

23
Q

what does parasitic hepatitis do to liver?

A

focal hepatitis, focal or diffuse fibrosis, focal infarcts

24
Q

common parasite in foals?

A

parascaris equorum

25
causes of toxic hepatopathy?
chemicals drugs mycotoxins plant toxins
26
how does the drug carbon disulphide CCl4 affect liver?
intrinsically hepatotoxic
27
how does anabolic steroids affect liver?
cholestasis w/o hepatic damage
28
what do phenothiazines and macrolides Abx do to liver?
cholestatis injury and hepato cellular necrosis
29
common cause of neurologic problems?
moldy corn - aflatoxin
30
most common cause of chronic liver failure in certain parts of the US?
pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity chronic low level exposure
31
what does pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity do?
pyrroles inhibit cellular replication, megaolcytes form [biopsy to dx], fibrosis occurs, hepatic atrophy
32
common presentation of hyperlipemia and hepatic lipidosis?
obese animals w recent stress or weight loss late gestation/early lactation [negative energy balance] insulin insensivitity rapid mobilization of adipose stores
33
dx hyperlipemia/hepatic lipidosis?
serum triglyceride level over 500 mg/dL
34
Tx of hyperlipemia?
underlying dz tx improve energy balance concentrated CHO dextrose infusion prognosis guarded
35
bacT hepatitis - name? | common cause in horses?
Tyzzer's dz | clostridium piliforme
36
presentation of bacT hepatitis?
acute necrotizing hepatitis foal dz - 7-42 days of age
37
nature of ascending bacterial infection?
primary bacT cholangiohepatitis secondary cholangiohepatitis
38
common etiology of ascending bacT infection?
salmonella e coli citrobacter klebsiella
39
what is cholelithiasis?
bile duct obstruction
40
dx of cholelithiasis?
u/s - see dilated bile ducts
41
Tx of cholelithiasis?
long term Abx or Sx