Exam 3: Observational Learning Flashcards
Observational Learning
Learning that occurs by watching the behavior of a model.
Model
An individual whose behavior is observed and potentially imitated.
Vicarious Reinforcement
Observing someone else receive reinforcement, which increases the observer’s likelihood of performing the behavior.
Vicarious Punishment
Observing someone else being punished, which decreases the observer’s likelihood of performing the behavior.
Enactive Learning
Learning through direct experience with consequences.
Social Learning Theory
Bandura’s theory that learning occurs through observation and modeling of others.
Imitation
Replicating the behavior of a model.
Generalized Imitation
The tendency to imitate new behaviors after observing a history of imitation being reinforced.
Skilled Model
A model who performs a task well and consistently.
Unskilled (Learning) Model
A model who demonstrates learning through trial and error, providing information about both correct and incorrect strategies.
Stimulus Enhancement
Increased attention to an object or area due to someone else interacting with it.
Anterograde Amnesia
The inability to form new memories after a certain point in time.
Deferred Imitation
Imitating a behavior after a delay from when it was first observed.
Prompts
Cues or assistance provided to encourage the correct performance of a behavior.
Prompt Delay
A teaching strategy where the instructor waits before giving a prompt to allow independent responding.
Verbal Prompt
Spoken instructions that guide behavior.
Gestural Prompt
Nonverbal cues such as pointing or nodding to guide behavior.
Modeling Prompt
Demonstrating the desired behavior for the learner to imitate.
Physical Prompt
Physically guiding the learner to perform a behavior.
Behavior Modification
The use of learning principles to change behavior.
Modeling Therapy
A behavior therapy technique where a client observes a model interacting safely with a feared object or situation.
Attention
The observer must notice the model’s behavior for observational learning to occur.
Retention
The observer must remember the behavior that was modeled.
Motivation
The observer must be motivated to reproduce the observed behavior.
