Exam 1: Research Methods in the Experimental Analysis of Behavior Flashcards
Observational Research
A method where behavior is observed and recorded in its natural or controlled environment.
Naturalistic Observation
Observing behavior in its natural environment without manipulation.
Laboratory Observation
Observing behavior in a controlled setting, such as a lab.
Case Study
An in-depth study of a single individual or small group.
Survey Research
A research method using questionnaires or interviews to gather data from large groups.
Correlational Research
A method examining the relationship between two variables but does not imply causation.
Experiment
A controlled test where one variable is manipulated to observe its effect on another.
Independent Variable (IV)
The variable that is manipulated in an experiment.
Dependent Variable (DV)
The variable that is measured in response to the manipulation.
Control Group
A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment, serving as a baseline.
Experimental Group
A group in an experiment that receives the treatment or manipulation.
Random Assignment
A method ensuring participants have an equal chance of being in either experimental or control groups.
A-B Design
A simple experimental design with one baseline and one treatment phase.
A-B-A-B Reversal Design
A design where baseline and treatment phases are implemented twice to establish causality.
Changing-Criterion Design
A shaping-based design in which reinforcement is gradually adjusted toward a final behavioral goal.
Multiple-Baseline Design
A design with multiple baseline phases across subjects, behaviors, or settings to examine treatment effects.
Baseline Phase
The phase in an experiment where no treatment is given, establishing a baseline for comparison.
Treatment Phase
The phase in an experiment where a treatment or intervention is introduced.
Continuous Recording
A method of recording all instances of a behavior during an observation period.
Observation Period
A predetermined time frame in which behavior is observed and recorded.
Product or Outcome Recording
A method where researchers record the final outcome or product of a behavior rather than the behavior itself.
Interval Recording
A recording method that involves measuring whether behavior occurs during specific intervals.
Standard or Classic Maze
A traditional maze used in behavioral experiments, often to test learning and memory.
T-maze
A maze shaped like the letter ‘T,’ used to study decision-making in animals.