Exam 2: Elicited Behaviors and Non-Associative Learning Flashcards
Elicited Behavior
A behavior that occurs in response to a specific environmental stimulus.
Reflex
An automatic response to a stimulus that does not require conscious effort.
Reflex Arc
The neural pathway that controls a reflex action, involving sensory and motor neurons.
Reciprocal Innervation
A neural mechanism where the activation of one muscle group is accompanied by the inhibition of its opposing muscle group.
Modal Action Pattern (MAP)
A species-specific, innate sequence of behaviors triggered by a stimulus.
Sign Stimulus
A specific environmental cue that triggers a modal action pattern.
Habituation
A decrease in response to a repeated, non-threatening stimulus over time.
Sensitization
An increase in response to a repeated, high-intensity or emotionally significant stimulus.
Dual-Process Theory
A theory stating that habituation and sensitization are controlled by different neural mechanisms.
Opponent Process Theory
A theory explaining how emotional reactions are followed by an opposite after-reaction.
Spontaneous Recovery
The return of a habituated response after a period of time without stimulus exposure.
Dishabituation
The recovery of a habituated response following the introduction of a novel stimulus.
State System
The part of the nervous system that regulates arousal and contributes to sensitization.
S-R System
The neural pathway responsible for habituation, which controls reflexive responses.
Non-Associative Learning
A type of learning involving changes in response to a single stimulus, such as habituation and sensitization.
Associative Learning
A type of learning that involves forming associations between stimuli, such as classical and operant conditioning.
Homeostasis
The body’s mechanism for maintaining stable internal conditions, including emotional balance.
Adaptive Significance
The role a behavior plays in improving an organism’s survival or fitness.
Emotional Regulation
The ability to manage and modify emotional responses over time.
Stimulus Intensity
A factor that influences whether habituation or sensitization will occur in response to a stimulus.
Arousal
A physiological and psychological state of being alert and responsive to stimuli.
Tolerance
A decrease in the effectiveness of a drug or stimulus after repeated exposure, requiring higher doses for the same effect.
Learned Tolerance
A form of tolerance that develops when an individual learns to adjust behaviorally to compensate for the effects of a drug or repeated stimulus.
