Exam #3: Non-Communicable Diseases

Question 1

refers to disease which are not passed from one person to the next directly or indirectly.

Answer 1

non-communicable disease (NCD)

Question 2

What is our approach to managing NCD?

Answer 2

nurses play a significant role in reducing the burden of NCDs through interventions at various levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary

Question 3

4 risk factors for NCDs

Answer 3

1. nutrition
2. physical activity
3. tobacco
4. alcohol

Question 4

4 main categories of NCDs:

Answer 4

1. CV disease
2. cancers
3. chronic respiratory diseases
4. diabetes

Question 5

Who is at risk for NCD?

Answer 5

CV disease: adults have 2 or more risk factors -
1. HIgh BP
2. Obesity
3. Smoking
Dietary risk exposures are the most significant attributable risk factors related to CVD burden of disease.
other:
4. High cholesterol
5. Low levels of physical activity

Cancers:
1. indoor tanning
2. secondhand smoke
3. unexplained cancer-related health disparities populations
4. alcohol use

Chronic lower respiratory disease: COPD, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis
1. smoking
2. Abnormal inflammatory responses to the lungs by noxious particles, chemical fuems, and environmental dust

Diabetes:
1. individual behaviors
2. genetics
3. environmental exposure
4. socioeconomics
- type 2 is the major type
-1 and 3 who were born in 2000 will develop diabetes in their lifetime
-increasing globally
Interventions to reduce risk include: exercise, eating healthy, and healthy body weight.

Question 6

Risk factors for NCDs

Answer 6

1. environmental: pollutants
   -increase risk of asthma, CVA, cancer
   -pollutants found in home, work, air, water, ground
2. behavioral
   -nutrition, exercise, and obesity
   -there risk factors are higher in the south (cultural component): creates a barrier
3. Alcohol use: 5.1% of global burden of disease
4. genomics
   -genetic risk for each person
   -lead to cancer, CVD, and diabetes
   -monogenetic: linked to a specific gene
   -polygenetic: multiple genes act together
5. Socioeconomic risk: SDOH
   -disparity is linked to socioeconomics and geographic factors
   -creates ethical delemmas

Question 7

What is the burden of disease?

Answer 7

“The total significance of disease for society beyond the immediate cost of treatment. It is measured in years of life lost to ill health as the difference between total life expectancy and disability-adjusted life expectancy.” (WHO)

Action to reduce the burden of disease associated with NCDs includes: “…a comprehensive approach… requiring all sectors, including health, finance, transport, education, agriculture, planning, and others, to collaborate to reduce the risk associated with NCDs and promote interventions to prevent and control them.” (WHO)

Question 8

LOP for NCD:

Answer 8

Cannot be prevented through vaccines
-cannot be cured by medication
-needs long term care management

They require:
-maintaining a health life-style
-early diagnosis and treatment
-long-term management

Global increase of NCDs
-CVD
-Chronic respiratory disease
-Chief cause of global deaths

Question 9

How to manage clients with HTN, diabetes, obesity:

Answer 9

exercise
eat healthy
healthy body weight

Question 10

U.S. preventive services task force

improves health of all americans by making evidence-based recommendations about clinical preventive services such as screenings, counseling services, or preventive medications

Make up of 16 volunteer members from different fields; most are practicing clinicians

Answer 10

USPSTF