Exam 3 - Neurosensory Flashcards
1
Q
alert
A
- awake
- easily arousable
- receptive and responsive
2
Q
lethargic (somnolent)
A
- not fully alert
- drifts off to sleep when not stimulated
- appears drowsy
- awakens to name
- responds appropriately
- slow to respond
3
Q
obtunded
A
- sleeps most of the time
- difficult to arouse - needs loud shout or vigorous shake
- acts confused when aroused
- speech mumbled or incoherent
- requires constant stimulation to stay awake
4
Q
stupor or semi-comatose
A
- spontaneously unconscious
- responds only to vigorous shake or pain
- groans, mumbles
5
Q
comatose
A
- completely unconscious
- no meaningful response to stimuli
- light coma - no purposeful movement, some reflex activity
- deep coma - no motor response
6
Q
proprioception
A
- body’s ability to sense movement, action, and location
7
Q
coordination
A
- rapid alternating movements
8
Q
CT scan
A
- 3D images of organs, bones, tissues
- need contrast dye
- quickly detects hemorrhage, bone, vascular abnormalities, tumors, cysts
9
Q
nursing care for CT scans
A
- informed consent for contrast
- allergies to iodine for contrast
- diet orders, NPO for some CT scans but not all
- claustrophobic
10
Q
what is contrast
A
- PO, rectal, IV
- shellfish allergy?
- contrast helps distinguish selected body areas from surrounding tissue
- can be iodine based - common allergy
11
Q
MRI
A
- 3D image from a 2D slice
- more detailed images
- no exposure to radiation
- expensive, so last resort
- screen for metal - remove all metal
- remove medicated patches
12
Q
MRI absolute contraindications
A
- implantable pediatric sternum device
- metallic foreign body in the eye
- “triggerfish” contact lenses
- gastric reflux device
- insulin pumps
- temporary transvenous pacing leads
13
Q
EEG
A
- monitors brains electrical activity
- helps to diagnose seizures
- confirming brain death
- sleeping, awake, or stimulated
14
Q
common visual sensory deficits
A
- presbyopia
- cataracts
- computer vision syndrome
- dry eyes
- glaucoma
- diabetic retinopathy
- macular degeneration
15
Q
hearing and balance deficits
A
- presbycusis
- cerumen
- dizziness
- disequilibrium
16
Q
tactile and taste deficits
A
- xerostomia: ticker mucous, dry mouth
- peripheral neuropathy
- CNS injuries
- extremity injuries
17
Q
expressive aphasia
A
- inability to name common objects or express ideas in words or writing
18
Q
receptive aphasia
A
- inability to understand written or spoken language
19
Q
sensory deprivation
A
- cognitive, affective, perceptual
- isolation
- loss/impairment of senses
- confinement
- emotional disorders
- brain injury
20
Q
sensory overload
A
- excessive stimuli
- person’s tolerance is variable
- often confused with mood swings/disorientation
21
Q
causes of sensory overload
A
- pain
- lack of sleep
- ICU/care
- visitors/staff
22
Q
symptoms of sensory overload
A
- fatigue, sleepiness
- disorientation
- scattered, restless, anxiety
23
Q
migraine
A
- recurring headache characterized by unilateral throbbing pain
- more common in females
- premonitory symptoms and an aura may precede headache phase
24
Q
tension headache
A
- feeling of a weight in or on the head or a band squeezing the head
25
Q
migraine headache
A
- unilateral, in the temple on one side of the head
- pain can be bilateral
26
Q
cluster headache
A
- pain is focused in and around the eye
- more common in males