Exam 3 - Neurosensory

Question 1

alert

Answer 1

• awake
• easily arousable
• receptive and responsive

Question 2

lethargic (somnolent)

Answer 2

• not fully alert
• drifts off to sleep when not stimulated
• appears drowsy
• awakens to name
• responds appropriately
• slow to respond

Question 3

obtunded

Answer 3

• sleeps most of the time
• difficult to arouse - needs loud shout or vigorous shake
• acts confused when aroused
• speech mumbled or incoherent
• requires constant stimulation to stay awake

Question 4

stupor or semi-comatose

Answer 4

• spontaneously unconscious
• responds only to vigorous shake or pain
• groans, mumbles

Question 5

comatose

Answer 5

• completely unconscious
• no meaningful response to stimuli
• light coma - no purposeful movement, some reflex activity
• deep coma - no motor response

Question 6

proprioception

Answer 6

• body’s ability to sense movement, action, and location

Question 7

coordination

Answer 7

• rapid alternating movements

Question 8

CT scan

Answer 8

• 3D images of organs, bones, tissues
• need contrast dye
• quickly detects hemorrhage, bone, vascular abnormalities, tumors, cysts

Question 9

nursing care for CT scans

Answer 9

• informed consent for contrast
• allergies to iodine for contrast
• diet orders, NPO for some CT scans but not all
• claustrophobic

Question 10

what is contrast

Answer 10

• PO, rectal, IV
• shellfish allergy?
• contrast helps distinguish selected body areas from surrounding tissue
• can be iodine based - common allergy

Question 11

MRI

Answer 11

• 3D image from a 2D slice
• more detailed images
• no exposure to radiation
• expensive, so last resort
• screen for metal - remove all metal
• remove medicated patches

Question 12

MRI absolute contraindications

Answer 12

• implantable pediatric sternum device
• metallic foreign body in the eye
• “triggerfish” contact lenses
• gastric reflux device
• insulin pumps
• temporary transvenous pacing leads

Question 13

EEG

Answer 13

• monitors brains electrical activity
• helps to diagnose seizures
• confirming brain death
• sleeping, awake, or stimulated

Question 14

common visual sensory deficits

Answer 14

• presbyopia
• cataracts
• computer vision syndrome
• dry eyes
• glaucoma
• diabetic retinopathy
• macular degeneration

Question 15

hearing and balance deficits

Answer 15

• presbycusis
• cerumen
• dizziness
• disequilibrium

Question 16

tactile and taste deficits

Answer 16

• xerostomia: ticker mucous, dry mouth
• peripheral neuropathy
• CNS injuries
• extremity injuries

Question 17

expressive aphasia

Answer 17

• inability to name common objects or express ideas in words or writing

Question 18

receptive aphasia

Answer 18

• inability to understand written or spoken language

Question 19

sensory deprivation

Answer 19

• cognitive, affective, perceptual
• isolation
• loss/impairment of senses
• confinement
• emotional disorders
• brain injury

Question 20

sensory overload

Answer 20

• excessive stimuli
• person’s tolerance is variable
• often confused with mood swings/disorientation

Question 21

causes of sensory overload

Answer 21

• pain
• lack of sleep
• ICU/care
• visitors/staff

Question 22

symptoms of sensory overload

Answer 22

• fatigue, sleepiness
• disorientation
• scattered, restless, anxiety

Question 23

migraine

Answer 23

• recurring headache characterized by unilateral throbbing pain
• more common in females
• premonitory symptoms and an aura may precede headache phase

Question 24

tension headache

Answer 24

• feeling of a weight in or on the head or a band squeezing the head

Question 25

migraine headache

Answer 25

• unilateral, in the temple on one side of the head
• pain can be bilateral

Question 26

cluster headache

Answer 26

• pain is focused in and around the eye
• more common in males