Exam 2 - Cardiovascular

Question 1

perfusion

Answer 1

passage of fluid through the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or tissue

Question 2

cardiac output

Answer 2

volume of blood pumped out by the heart in one minute

Question 3

ejection fraction

Answer 3

• the percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each contraction
• normal: > 50%
• heart failure: < 40%

Question 4

blood pressure

Answer 4

• force exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls
• normal: 120/80

Question 5

pulse pressure

Answer 5

• difference between systolic and diastolic BP
• normal is about 1/3 of SBP
• high: atherosclerosis, exercise
• low: severe heart failure, hypovolemia

Question 6

pulses alternans

Answer 6

• regular rhythm by strength of pulse varies with each beat
• possible etiology and significance

Question 7

hypertension

Answer 7

• high blood pressure
• pressure in your arteries is too high
• changes in arterial walls cause increased peripheral vascular resistance

Question 8

peripheral vascular resistance

Answer 8

• amount of effort that the heart has to overcome in order to get blood out of the heart and into the periphery

Question 9

hypertension diagnosis

Answer 9

average of two or more readings on at least two subsequent health care visits above 120/80

Question 10

complications of hypertension

Answer 10

• cardiovascular disease
• myocardial infarction
• heart failure
• stroke
• peripheral vascular disease
• renal disease
• retinal disease

Question 11

hypertension nursing care

Answer 11

• blood pressure measurement
• implement a patient-centered plan for lifestyle modifications

Question 12

hypotension

Answer 12

• SBP falls below 90

Question 13

causes of hypotension

Answer 13

• dilation of arteries
• loss of blood volume
• failure of heart muscle to pump

Question 14

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 14

• blood pressure drops when standing and changing positions

Question 15

hyperlipidemia

Answer 15

too many lipids in the body (cholesterol and triglycerides)

Question 16

lipids

Answer 16

fat-like particles in blood stream

Question 17

cholesterol

Answer 17

waxy-fat like substance found in all cells of the body

Question 18

triglycerides

Answer 18

most common fat in the body

Question 20

hyperlipidemia nursing care

Answer 20

• check, change, control
• maintain healthy weight
• be active
• limit smoking and alcohol
• dietary modifications
• lipid-lowering drug therapy

Question 21

VTE

Answer 21

• obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot that has become dislodged from another site in the circulation
• most commonly starts in legs and moves to lungs (pulmonary embolism)

Question 22

signs and symptoms of VTE

Answer 22

• localized redness, tenderness, swelling over the vein sites
• warmth, tenderness, firmness in muscle of calf
• complaints about calf pain with ambulation
• usually unilateral

Question 23

electrocardiogram

Answer 23

• normal sinus rhythm
• originates in SA node, follows normal sequence through conduction system

Question 24

electrocardiogram placement

Answer 24

Right side: clouds over grass
chocolate close to your heart
left side: smoke over fire