Exam 3 - Bowel Elimination

Question 1

constipation prevention

Answer 1

• include plenty of high-fiber foods
• drink plenty of fluids
• stay active
• manage stress
• don’t ignore urge to go
• create a schedule

Question 2

constipation

Answer 2

• a symptom, not a disease
• having fewer than 3 bowel movements a week

Question 3

symptoms of constipation

Answer 3

• infrequent BMs
• discomfort
• hard dry stools that are difficult to pass

Question 4

bulk forming laxatives

Answer 4

• methylcellulose
• pysllium
• polycarbophil
• can be used daily

Question 5

emollient or wetting laxative

Answer 5

• decussate sodium

Question 6

osmotic laxative

Answer 6

• saline based
• magnesium citrate
• magnesium hydroxide
• sodium phosphate
• polyethylene glycol
• lactulose

Question 7

stimulant cathartics

Answer 7

• bisacodyl
• Senna

Question 8

cathartics and laxatives

Answer 8

• medications that initiate or facilitate stool passage
• PO or rectal
• short-term action
• potential harmful effects if overuse

Question 9

enema

Answer 9

• position: left side
• later resource

Question 10

impaction

Answer 10

• results from unrelieved constipation and the inability to expel the hardened feces retained in the rectum

Question 11

diarrhea

Answer 11

• loose watery bowel movements
• can happen frequently and with urgency

Question 12

common causes of diarrhea

Answer 12

• food borne pathogens
• food intolerances and allergies
• surgery
• diagnostic testing
• enteral feeding

Question 13

common complications with diarrhea

Answer 13

• skin irritation
• dehydration
• nutritional concerns

Question 14

antidiarrheal agents

Answer 14

• decrease intestinal muscle tone to slow the passage of feces
• be care of these agents with opiates: can be habit forming

Question 15

nursing care for diarrhea

Answer 15

• provide soft easily digestible food: bland
• maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
• practice good hand hygiene

Question 16

c. diff complications

Answer 16

• dehydration
• kidney failure
• toxic megacolon
• bowel perforation
• death

Question 17

c. diff prevention

Answer 17

• wash hands with soap and water
• avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics
• clean surfaces with bleach
• place in isolation: contact D

Question 18

c. diff diagnosis

Answer 18

• hospital protocols
• stool sample

Question 19

c. diff treatment

Answer 19

• plenty of fluids and good nutrition
• antibiotics
• surgery
• fecal implantation
• probiotics

Question 20

bowel incontinence

Answer 20

• inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus

Question 21

symptoms of flatulence

Answer 21

• abdominal distention
• cramping
• bloating
• pain

Question 22

causes of flatulence

Answer 22

• constipation
• food intolerance
• GI diseases
• stress

Question 23

hemorrhoids

Answer 23

• dilated or engorged veins in lining of rectum
• increased venous pressure from straining
• external or internal

Question 24

colon cancer risk factors

Answer 24

• race: African American
• diet: high intake of red meat/processed meats, low fiber
• obesity
• 50+
• lack of physical activity
• alcohol, tobacco use
• family history
• history of inflammatory bowel disease

Question 25

fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

Answer 25

• check for hidden blood
• ordered to detect cancer or evaluate possible causes of unexplained anemia
• stool sample should be from 2 different areas
• often ordered for 3 different occurrences
• be aware of false positives (red meat)