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JT - Health Assessment > Exam 3 - Neuro > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

A scale used to assess a patient’s level of consciousness.

Total score ranges from 3 to 15.

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2
Q

What is the score for spontaneous eye opening in the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

4

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3
Q

What is the score for eye opening to speech in the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

3

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4
Q

What is the score for eye opening to pain in the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

2

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5
Q

What is the score for no eye response in the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

1

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6
Q

What is the highest score for the best verbal response in the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

5

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7
Q

What is the score for a confused verbal response in the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

4

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8
Q

What is the score for inappropriate words in the best verbal response of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

3

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9
Q

What is the score for incomprehensible sounds in the best verbal response of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

2

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10
Q

What is the score for no verbal response in the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

1

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11
Q

What is the highest score for the best motor response in the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

6

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12
Q

What is the score for obeying commands in the best motor response of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

6

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13
Q

What is the score for moving to localized pain in the best motor response of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

5

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14
Q

What is the score for flexion withdrawal from pain in the best motor response of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

4

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15
Q

What is the score for abnormal flexion (decorticate) in the best motor response of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

3

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16
Q

What is the score for abnormal extension (decerebrate) in the best motor response of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

2

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17
Q

What is the score for no motor response in the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

1

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18
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve I (Olfactory)?

A

Sensory: Smell

Test by assessing the sense of smell.

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19
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve II (Optic)?

A

Sensory: Vision

Test by checking visual acuity.

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20
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve III (Oculomotor)?

A

Motor: Pupillary reflex, extrinsic muscle movement of eye

Test by checking pupillary response and eye movement.

21
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve IV (Trochlear)?

A

Motor: Eye muscle movement

Test by assessing downward and inward eye movement.

22
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve V (Trigeminal)?

A

Both: Sensory impulses from face and motor action for teeth clenching.

Test by assessing sensation in different branches and clenching teeth.

23
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve VI (Abducens)?

A

Motor: Extrinsic muscle movement of eye

Test by assessing lateral gaze.

24
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve VII (Facial)?

A

Both: Facial expression, taste, lacrimation, salivation.

Test by smiling, frowning, and puffing cheeks.

25
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear)?

A

Sensory: Hearing and balance

Test by assessing hearing and balance.

26
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal)?

A

Both: Taste, gag reflex, swallowing reflex.

Test by assessing taste and the gag reflex.

27
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve X (Vagus)?

A

Both: Innervates muscles for swallowing and talking.

Test by assessing gag reflex and voice quality.

28
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve XI (Accessory)?

A

Motor: Movement of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.

Test by assessing shoulder shrug and head rotation.

29
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve XII (Hypoglossal)?

A

Motor: Movement of tongue for swallowing and speech.

Test by assessing tongue movement.

30
Q

How to test the Biceps reflex?

A

Use the pointed side of the reflex hammer in the bend of the elbow.

31
Q

How to test the Triceps reflex?

A

Use the pointed side of the reflex hammer just above the elbow.

32
Q

How to test the Brachioradialis reflex?

A

Use the flat side of the hammer halfway between the elbow and wrist (anterior side).

33
Q

How to test the Patellar reflex?

A

Use the flat side of the hammer just below the knee with the patient sitting and leg freely hanging.

34
Q

How to test the Achilles reflex?

A

Use the flat side of the hammer against the Achilles tendon while holding the patient’s foot, either sitting or laying.

35
Q

How to test the Plantar/Babinski reflex?

A

Scrape the lateral edge of the bottom of the foot starting at the bottom and coming up and then medially.

36
Q

How to test the Abdominal reflex?

A

Use a dull object (tongue blade) and scrape all four quadrants of the abdomen towards the navel.

37
Q

What to assess for increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

A

Assess level of consciousness (LOC), motor function, pupillary response, and vital signs.

38
Q

What is considered elevated ICP?

A

Elevated ICP is 15-20 mmHg.

39
Q

What controls the pupils?

A

Pupils are controlled by cranial nerve 3, brainstem, and midbrain.

40
Q

What is the normal size and shape of pupils?

A

Normal size is 3-5 mm, and normal shape is round.

41
Q

What does fixed dilated pupils indicate?

A

Fixed dilated pupils indicate increased ICP, prolonged diffuse hypoxia, or atropine.

42
Q

What do pinpoint pupils indicate?

A

Pinpoint pupils indicate narcotics.

43
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

44
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

There are 8 cervical spinal nerves.

45
Q

How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?

A

There are 12 thoracic spinal nerves.

46
Q

How many lumbar spinal nerves are there?

A

There are 5 lumbar spinal nerves.

47
Q

How many sacral spinal nerves are there?

A

There are 5 sacral spinal nerves.

48
Q

How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?

A

There is 1 coccygeal spinal nerve.

JT - Health Assessment (12 decks)

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