Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

JT - Health Assessment > Pulmonary Function Test > Flashcards

Pulmonary Function Test Flashcards

1
Q

What do pulmonary function tests (PFTs) measure?

A
  • PFTs measure how well the lungs work.
  • assess for any progression of lung disease
  • monitor the efficacy of a given treatment.
  • evaluate preop
  • monitor for potentially toxic side effects of drugs (amiodarone etc)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What types of breathing are required for pulmonary function tests?

A

Some tests require normal and quiet breathing, while others require forced inhalation or exhalation after a deep breath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What should be assessed when patients present with respiratory symptoms (e.g. dyspnea, cough, cyanosis, wheezing, etc.).?

A

Look for evidence of respiratory disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does ERV stand for and what does it measure?

A

ERV stands for expiratory reserve volume: the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled from the end-expiratory position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does TLC stand for and what does it represent?

A

TLC stands for** total lung capacity:** the volume in the lungs at maximal inflation, the sum of VC and RV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is VC and how is it defined?

A

VC stands for vital capacthe volume of air breathed out after the deepest inhalation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does IC stand for and what does it include?

A

IC stands for inspiratory capacity: the sum of IRV and TV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is FVC and how is it determined?

A

FVC stands for forced vital capacity: the determination of the vital capacity from a maximally forced expiratory effort.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the normal tidal volume?

A

500 mL

Represents 9% of total lung capacity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the normal inspiratory reserve volume?

A

3000 mL

Represents 52% of total lung capacity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the normal expiratory reserve volume?

A

1300 mL

Represents 22% of total lung capacity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the normal residual volume?

A

1000 mL

Represents 17% of total lung capacity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a pulmonary function test?

A

A test that measures lung function and capacity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What instrument is commonly used for pulmonary function tests?

A

Spirometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does spirometry measure?

A

Forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume (FEV), Forced expiratory flow, 25-75 percent, Peak expiratory flow (PEF), Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), Slow vital capacity (SVC), Total lung capacity (TLC), Functional residual capacity (FRC), Residual volume (RV).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)?

A

Volume of air that is exhaled after maximum inhalation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV)?

A

Volume of air exhaled in one breath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does Forced Expiratory Flow, 25-75 percent measure?

A

Air flow in the middle of exhalation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)?

A

Rate of exhalation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) measure?

A

Volume of air that can be inspired and expired in 1 minute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Slow Vital Capacity (SVC)?

A

Volume of air that can be slowly exhaled after inhaling past the tidal volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?

A

Maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?

A

Volume of air left in the lungs after normal expiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is Residual Volume (RV)?

A

Volume of air in the lungs after maximum exhalation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?

A

The volume of air that can be exhaled beyond normal exhalation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does a blood gas analyzer measure?

A

Concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is pulmonary function test result obtained from??

A

Data obtained from spirometry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the most commonly used measures in pulmonary function tests?

A
  • The forced vital capacity (FVC), the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and the ratio of the two (FEV1/FVC).
  • The FEV1/FVC ratio should be about 80% in normal patients.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does an FEV1/FVC ratio <80% suggest?

A

It suggests obstructive lung disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What characterizes restrictive lung disease in terms of FEV1/FVC ratio?

A

Restrictive lung disease typically has normal or increased FEV1/FVC.

32
Q

What other useful data can be obtained from spirometry?

A

Measures of flow, such as peak inspiratory flow (PIF) and peak expiratory flow (PEF).

33
Q

the colors in this graph indicated for what lung diseases?

A
  • black- normal
  • green - obstructive lung disease
  • blue - restrictive lung disease
  • purple - fixed upper airway obstruction
34
Q

What characterizes an obstructive pattern in PFT?

A

Decreased FEV1, normal or decreased FVC, and decreased FEV1/FVC.

35
Q

Which conditions are classically associated with an obstructive pattern?

A
  • Asthma,
  • chronic bronchitis,
  • emphysema.
36
Q

How can PFTs help distinguish between asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema?

A

Bronchodilator responsiveness - an increase in the FEV1 by 12% following bronchodilator use suggests asthma.

37
Q

What characterizes a restrictive pattern in PFT?

A
  • Decreased TLC, FEV1, and FVC
  • normal FEV1/FVC,
  • low DLCO (Diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (extent to which oxygen passes from air sacs of lungs to blood).
  • The flow volume loop is generally normal in appearance, but has low lung volumes
38
Q

Which patients typically exhibit a restrictive pattern?

A
  • Patients with interstitial lung disease
  • severe skeletal abnormalities.
  • diaphragmatic paralysis
39
Q

What is the FEV1:FVC ratio in obstructive lung disease?

A

Reduced <70%

Examples include emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis.

40
Q

What is the FEV1 in obstructive lung disease?

A

Reduced <80%

Examples include emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis.

41
Q

What is the FVC in obstructive lung disease?

A

Normal >80%

Examples include emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis.

42
Q

What is the TLC in obstructive lung disease?

A

Normal

Examples include emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis.

43
Q

What is the RV in obstructive lung disease?

A

Normal / Increased

Examples include emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis.

44
Q

What is the DLCO in obstructive lung disease?

A
  • Reduced in emphysema
  • Normal in asthma, chronic bronchitis

Examples include emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis.

45
Q

What is the FEV1:FVC ratio in restrictive lung disease?

A

Normal >70%

Examples include chest wall and neuromuscular conditions.

46
Q

What is the FEV1 in restrictive lung disease?

A

variable

Examples include parenchymal conditions.

47
Q

What is the FVC in restrictive lung disease?

A

Reduced <80%

Examples include parenchymal conditions.

48
Q

What is the TLC in restrictive lung disease?

A

Reduced <80%

Examples include parenchymal conditions.

49
Q

What is the RV in restrictive lung disease?

A

Reduced

Examples include parenchymal conditions.

50
Q

What is the DLCO in restrictive lung disease?

A
  • Reduced in parenchymal,
  • normal in chest wall/neurouscular
51
Q

What is the FEV1:FVC ratio in mixed lung disease?

A

Reduced <70%

Mixed conditions can show variable results.

52
Q

What is the FEV1 in mixed lung disease?

A

Reduced <80%

Mixed conditions can show variable results.

53
Q

What is the FVC in mixed lung disease?

A

Reduced <80%

Mixed conditions can show variable results.

54
Q

What is the TLC in mixed lung disease?

A

Variable

Mixed conditions can show variable results.

55
Q

What is the RV in mixed lung disease?

A

Variable

Mixed conditions can show variable results.

56
Q

What is the FEV1/FVC ratio for an obstructive pattern?

A

FEV1/FVC <70% (or less than the Lower limit of normal)

Indicates conditions like COPD or Asthma.

57
Q

What FEV1/FVC ratio indicates normal or restrictive disease?

A

FEV1/FVC ≥70%

58
Q

If FEV1 is 80-100%, what stage is it in the GOLD criteria for COPD?

A

Mild (Stage 1)

GOLD Criteria for COPD.

59
Q

If FEV1 is 50-80%, what stage is it in the GOLD criteria for COPD?

A

FEV1 50-80% predicted: Moderate (Stage 2)

60
Q

If FEV1 is 30 - 50%, what stage is it in the GOLD criteria for COPD?

A

FEV1 30-<50% predicted: Severe (Stage 3)

61
Q

If FEV1 is less than 30%, what stage is it in the GOLD criteria for COPD?

A

FEV1 <30% predicted: Very severe (Stage 4)

62
Q

what happens if FEV1 < 50% with right sided HF?

A

Very severe

63
Q

What are the ATS criteria for mild obstruction disease?

A

FEV1 over 70% predicted: MILD

64
Q

What are the ATS criteria for moderate obstruction?\

A

FEV1 60-70% predicted: MODERATE

65
Q

What FEV1 range indicates moderately severe obstruction?

A

FEV1 50-60% predicted: MODERATELY SEVERE

66
Q

What FEV1 value indicates severe obstruction?

A

FEV1 35-50% predicted: SEVERE

67
Q

What FEV1 value indicates very severe obstruction?

A

FEV1 <35% predicted: VERY SEVERE

68
Q

What TLC value indicates restrictive disease?

A

TLC <80% = Restrictive disease (ATS criteria for severity)

69
Q

What TLC range indicates mild restrictive disease?

A

70-80% predicted: MILD

70
Q

What TLC range indicates moderate restrictive disease?

A

60-70% predicted: MODERATE

71
Q

What TLC range indicates moderately severe restrictive disease?

A

50-60% predicted: MODERATELY SEVERE

72
Q

What TLC value indicates severe restrictive disease?

A

<50% predicted: SEVERE

73
Q

What is the normal range for Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?

A

Normal range: 80-120% of predicted

74
Q

What TLC value indicates hyperinflation?

A

TLC >120 = Hyperinflation

75
Q
A
  • dotted green - obstructive
  • brown - restricted
  • blue dash - normal
76
Q

If TLC is less than 80%, what does that indicate?

A

Restrictive lung dz

JT - Health Assessment (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions