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A&P III > exam 3 may 2013 > Flashcards

exam 3 may 2013 Flashcards

1
Q

glucose is in the liver as glycogen

A

true

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2
Q

the primary reproductive organ of a male is the penis

A

false

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3
Q

both glucagon and cortisol increase the concentration of glucose in the blood

A

true

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4
Q

fertilization occurs when the diploid ovum combines with the diploid spermatozoa to form a haploid zygote

A

false

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5
Q

the problem with having high fructose in the diet is that people who are lactose intolerant cannot digest it

A

false

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6
Q

as incomes increase and hence nutrition and health improve across the globe, the fertility rate is rising

A

false

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7
Q

the metanephric duct develops into the vas deferens in male fetus due to testosterone

A

false

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8
Q

taste buds can detect sweetness, sourness, bitterness, saltiness, and umami or savoriness

A

true

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9
Q

each cell (except for developing gametes) in people contains 46 pairs of chromosomes

A

false

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10
Q

with the discovery of the hormone insulin, the disease of diabetes mellitus is cured

A

false

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11
Q

there is absorption of at least one important nutrient in the stomach

A

true

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12
Q

the cells that ultimately develop into gametes are the primordial germ cells and these migrate from the yolk sac to the genital ridges

A

true

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13
Q

the incidence of diabetes is increasingly globally

A

true

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14
Q

any protein will provide the body with enough amino-acids as they can easily be interconverted

A

false

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15
Q

the large intestine of the healthy person contains few bacteria because bacteria are killed by stomach acids, proteolytic enzymes in the stomach and small intestine, the specific bacteria killing enzyme, lysozyme, and antibodies secreted in the lumen of the gatrointestinal tract

A

false

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16
Q

gluconeogenesis is the process by which glucose is synthesized from some aminoacids and lactate in the liver and kidney

A

true

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17
Q

milk is let down from the alveoli in the mammary gland by the neuro-endocrine reflex with suckling leading to the release of oxytocin from the anterior pituitary gland and this in turn causing valves in the mammary gland to relax

A

false

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18
Q

proteins are digested by proteases in the stomach and small intestine

A

true

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19
Q

all people with a female genotype have XX phenotype

A

false

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20
Q

type I diabetes (adult onset diabetes) is the basis of 90% diabetes cases in the USA

A

false

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21
Q

diabetes mellitus affects about 25 million people in the USA

A

true

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22
Q

type 2 diabetes (adult onset diabetes)is the basis of 90% diabetes cases in the USA

A

true

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23
Q

type 2 diabetes, there is an insensitivity (or resistance) by the tissues to insulin resulting in elevated plasma glucose concentrations

A

true

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24
Q

all people with XY genotype have a male phenotype

A

false

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25
Q

human milk has the same composition as cow’s milk

A

false

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26
Q

the placenta does not allow maternal antibodies to cross the fetus thereby preventing rejection

A

false

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27
Q

during ejaculation, spermatozoa are deposited directly into the uterus of women

A

false

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28
Q

steroid hormone act by binding to receptors in the cell nucleus of target tissues

A

true

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29
Q

surprisingly, the uterus has no ligaments supporting it

A

false

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30
Q

the mother’s heart pumps blood around the fetus

A

false

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31
Q

most women in the USA get sufficient calcium in their diets

A

true

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32
Q

a 32 week fetus was conceived about 30 weeks earlier

A

true

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33
Q

the gallbladder functions to store bile

A

true

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34
Q

after eating hot spicy foods, there is an inflammation response detected terminals of trigeminal nerves

A

true

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35
Q

proteases are enzymes found in the gastro-intestinal tract that breaks down the protein that is found in meat, eggs, milk and beans as part of digestion

A

true

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36
Q

carbohydrates with a low glycemic index rapidly lead to high blood concentrations of glucose

A

false

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37
Q

vitamin D is regarded as a vitamin despite it being synthesized in the skin due to UV light and metabolites (e.g. 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3) act on specific nuclear receptor like steroid hormones

A

true

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38
Q

a person with a BMI of 25 is considered under weight

A

true

39
Q

in the USA milk is fortified with vitamin D

A

true

40
Q

lysine, methionine, and arginine are all examples of essential amino acids and have to be present in sufficient qualities in the diet

A

true

41
Q

advantages of vasectomy:

a. there is increased release of testosterone
b. it is very effective in preventing prego
c. surgery only requires local anesthesia
d. b and c
e. none of the above

A

advantages of vasectomy

it is very effective in preventing prego

surgery only requires local anesthesia

42
Q

TRUE about the menstrual cycle:

a. there is release of follicle stimulating hormone from the developing follicle
b. ovulation occurs about 3 days after the first day of menses
c. the endometrium becomes thicker under the influence of both estrogen and progesterone
d. all of the above
e. none of the aboe

A

TRUE about the menstrual cycle

the endometrium becomes thicker under the influence of both estrogen and progesterone

43
Q

various approaches to fertility control have different effectiveness: of 100 COUPLES

a. no birth control 85% will be prego within a year
b. use condoms 15-20% will be prego within a year
c. withdraw method, 27% will be prego within a year
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

all of the above

44
Q

no birth control 85% will be prego within a year

A

true

45
Q

use condoms 15-20% will be prego within a year

A

true

46
Q

withdraw method, 27% will be prego within a year

A

true

47
Q

melatonin TRUE

a. markedly increased amounts are produced during the night
b. produced by the pineal gland
c. there is a circadian rhythm of melatonin released
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

all of the above

48
Q

melatonin

markedly increased amounts are produced during the night

A

TRUE

49
Q

melatonin

produced by the pineal gland

A

TRUE

50
Q

melatonin

there is a circadian rhythm of melatonin released

A

TRUE

51
Q

LH (luteinizing hormone) has what function in female:

a. stimulating production testosterone
b. stimulating spermatogenesis
c. stimulating secretion of follicle stimulating hormone
d. stimulating development of the corpus luteum
e. none of the aboe

A

LH (luteinizing hormone) has what function in female:

stimulating development of the corpus luteum

52
Q

examples of trace elements required by the body are:

a. calcium, phosphorus (phosphate) and sodium
b. uranium polonium and tritium
c. iodine copper zinc and cobalt
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

examples of trace elements required by the body are:

iodine copper zinc and cobalt

53
Q

Type I diabetes is caused by:

a. insulin resistance
b. hyposecretion of insulin
c. breakdown of beta-cells in the pancreas
d. b and c
e. all of the above

A

Type I diabetes is caused by:

hyposecretion of insulin

breakdown of beta-cells in the pancreas

54
Q

Mullerian inhibitory hormone is produced by embryonic testis it INHIBITS:

a. growth of mesonephric ducts
b. formation/development of female ducts
c. development of the secondary glands of the male
d. a and c
e. none of the above

A

Mullerian inhibitory hormone is produced by embryonic testis it INHIBITS:

formation/development of female ducts

55
Q

what in saliva contributes to killing bacteria in your mouth

a. lysozyme
b. trypsin
c. immunoglobulin A
d. stomach acid
e. a and c

A

what in saliva contributes to killing bacteria in your mouth

lysozyme

immunoglobulin A

56
Q

Hormones are measured for the following reasons:

a. if human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is present in a woman’s urine this is a very good indicator of prego
b. if growth hormone (GH) is pathologically high, this is a very good indicator of acromegaly
c. luteinizing hormone (LH) is measured to show whether ovulation is about to occur
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

all of the above

57
Q

what does G.R.A.S. stand for

a. generally recognized as sweet
b. generally recognized as safe
c. greatly rewarded for safety
d. all of above
e. none of the above

A

G.R.A.S.

generally recognized as safe

58
Q

best answer about the thyroid:

a. Thyroid hormones increase metabolic rate
b. the thyroid gland is synthesizes iodine containing compound, thyroxine, first as a protein, thyroglobulin. thyroxine is converted to the active form triiodothyronine
c. the anterior pituitary hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone stimulates the growth of the thyroid and the release of thyroxine
d. insufficient idoine in the diet leads to hypothyroidism
e. all of the above

A

all of the above

59
Q

the thyroid gland is synthesizes iodine containing compound, thyroxine, first as a protein, thyroglobulin. thyroxine is converted to the active form triiodothyronine

A

True

60
Q

Thyroid hormones increase metabolic rate

A

true

61
Q

the anterior pituitary hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone stimulates the growth of the thyroid and the release of thyroxine

A

true

62
Q

insufficient idoine in the diet leads to hypothyroidism

A

true

63
Q

a hormone is:

a. specific chemical
b. produced by endocrine gland
c. travels via the blood stream
d. exerts specific effects on target cell, tissue, organ
e. all

A

all of above

64
Q

where is oxytocin synthesized (made):

a. posterior pituitary gland
b. hypothalamus
c. median eminence
d. kidney
e. none

A

where is oxytocin synthesized (made):

hypothalamus

65
Q

POMC

a. pro-opiomelanocortin-the precursor for adrenocroticotropic hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone and endogenous opiates
b. another name for prolactin
c. posterior pituitary oxytocin mediating cortisol
d. pregnancy overtime midnight cortisol
e. none

A

POMC

pro-opiomelanocortin

the precursor for adrenocroticotropic hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone and endogenous opiates

66
Q

TRUE epinephrine:
a. is released in “fight or flight” response
b. synthesized in adrenal medulla
c increase circulating concentrations of glucose
d. increases blood flow to the skeletal muscles and decreases blood flow to the skin and GI tract

A

all of the above

67
Q

major food ingredients that provide the body with energy are which:

a. Carbohydrates and fats together with some amino-acids from proteins
b. caffeine
c. vitamins B and C
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

major food ingredients that provide the body with energy are which:

Carbohydrates and fats together with some amino-acids from proteins

68
Q

functions of GI-tract includes:

a. digestion
b. absorption
c. fermentation
d. hormone production
e. all of the above

A

all of the above

69
Q

examples of monosaccharides

a. lactose
b. fructose, galactose, glucose
c. mannose and sucrose
d. a and c
e. all of the above

A

monosaccharides

fructose, galactose, glucose

70
Q

in the stomach:

a. the epithelial cells release watery mucus into the lumen
b. the G cells produce gastrin that stimulates gastric acid release
c. parietal (oxyntic) cells produce gastric acids (hydrochloric) and release it into the stomach lumen
d. the chief cells produce pepsinogen and release it into the stomach lumen where it is converted to the active form pepsin
e. all

A

all

71
Q

the epithelial cells release watery mucus into the lumen

A

true

72
Q

the G cells produce gastrin that stimulates gastric acid release

A

true

73
Q

parietal (oxyntic) cells produce gastric acids (hydrochloric) and release it into the stomach lumen

A

true

74
Q

the chief cells produce pepsinogen and release it into the stomach lumen where it is converted to the active form pepsin

A

true

75
Q

ingesta are moved through the digestive tracts by:

a. peristalsis
b. contractions of the smooth muscle layers of the intestine
c. parasympathetic stimulation of muscle contractions
d. all
e. none

A

all

76
Q

ADH acts on what part of the nephron

a. ascending Loop of henle
b. proximal convoluted tubule
c. distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
d. both b and c
e. all of above

A

ADH acts on what part of the nephron

distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts

77
Q

which of the following hormones acts on the kidneys:

a. ADH and aldosterone
b. Renin and 1,25 hydroxy-vitamin D3
c. Luteinizing hormone
d. a and b
e. none

A

which of the following hormones acts on the kidneys:

ADH and aldosterone

78
Q

which of the following statements about sphincters:

a. pyloric sphincter is between the duodenum and stomach
b. cardiac sphincter is between the esophagus and stomach
c. iieocecal junction does not allow retrograde flow of ingesta
d. all of above
e. none

A

all of above

79
Q

iieocecal junction does not allow retrograde flow of ingesta

A

true

80
Q

cardiac sphincter is between the esophagus and stomach

A

true

81
Q

pyloric sphincter is between the duodenum and stomach

A

true

82
Q

the cortex of the adrenal gland secretes the following in response to ACTH at times of stress:

a. epinephrine and norepinephrine
b. mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
c. glucocorticoids (cortisol)
d. estradiol
e. none of the above

A

the cortex of the adrenal gland secretes the following in response to ACTH at times of stress

glucocorticoids (cortisol)

83
Q

female organs contribute to reproduction:

a. vagina is both a copulatory organ with spermatozoa deposited during coitus and forms part of the birth canal
b. the uterus is where fertilization occurs and where the developing conceptus implants into the myometrium implants
c. the lumen of the cervix is wide allowing all spermatozoa to easily to pass to the fallopian tubes
d. none of the above
e. all of the above

A

female organs contribute to reproduction:

vagina is both a copulatory organ with spermatozoa deposited during coitus and forms part of the birth canal

84
Q

during embryonic development of the external genitalia

a. in males with a developing testes, testosterone stimulates the genital tubercle to develop into the penis
b. in females with a developing ovary, estradiol stimulates the genital groove to develop into labia minora
c. the unidifferent or tripotential genital tubercle can develop into the labia majora in females and the penis in males
d. all
e. none

A

during embryonic development of the external genitalia

in males with a developing testes, testosterone stimulates the genital tubercle to develop into the penis

85
Q

infertility is defined as not achieving a prego in 3 years and is usually due to low sperm count in men

A

false

86
Q

when the spermatozoan fertilizes the ovum, an embryo is immediately formed

A

false

87
Q

as the man ejaculates, semen is deposited into the vagina during coitus

A

true

88
Q

following fertilization, there is repeated cell division leading to a solid ball of cells, the blastocyst. each of the cells are about the same size as the ovum

A

false

89
Q

the temperature of the testes/testicles is maintained at a lower set point that the rest of the body to allow efficient spermatogenesis

A

true

90
Q

there is poor or no development of the ovary in the XO individual (with turner’s syndrome)

A

true

91
Q

both oogenesis and spermatogenesis starts at puberty

A

false

92
Q

erection during sexual arousal is caused by

a. movement of a bone in the penis called the os penis
b. the prostate gland pumping blood into the penis
c. reduced blood flow out of the penis with blood accumulating in the corpora cayernosa and corpus spongiosum
d. stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
e. c and d

A

erection during sexual arousal is caused by

reduced blood flow out of the penis with blood accumulating in the corpora cayernosa and corpus spongiosum

93
Q

spermatogenesis:

a. is stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone
b. occurs in the seminiferous tubules
c. there are multiple mitotic division of the spermatogonia
d. the spermatocytes undergo reduction division (meiosis)

A

all

A&P III (6 decks)

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