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Med Term - Exam 3 > Exam 3 - Lecture Review Sheet > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Lecture Review Sheet Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary parenchyma

A

Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and
alveoli.

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2
Q

Laryngectomy

A

removal of the voice box

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3
Q

Phren/o

A

diaphragm

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4
Q

Asbestosis

A

Asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs.

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5
Q

Orthopnea

A

abnormal condition in which breathing (-pnea) is easier in the
upright position

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6
Q

Pyothorax

A

collection of pus in the pleural cavity

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7
Q

DPT

A

diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus—toxoids for vaccination of infants, to provide immunity to these diseases

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8
Q

Lung sounds

A

-pleural rub: Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each
other.

-rales (crackles): Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when
there is fluid in the alveoli.

  • rhonchi: Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum.
  • stridor
  • wheezes: Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing.
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9
Q

Stridor

A

Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by
obstruction in the pharynx or larynx.

throat abscess, airway injury, croup, allergic reaction, or epiglottitis and laryngitis

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10
Q

Lung collapse

A

Pneumothorax - air in pleural cavity

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11
Q

Rhinorrhea vs. expectoration

A

runny nose

Clearing of secretions from the airway by coughing or spitting

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12
Q

Pulmonary abscess

A

Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.

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13
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Spitting up blood from the respiratory tract, a sign of bleeding and disease within the bronchial tubes and lungs.

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14
Q

COPD

A

Chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs.

Caused by smoking, air pollution, chronic infection, and, in a minority of cases, asthma.

chronic bronchitis COPD are referred to as “blue bloaters”

emphysema are called “pink puffers”

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15
Q

Endoscopic exam of lungs

A

bronchoscopy

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16
Q

Hypercapnia vs hypoxemia

A

excessive carbon dioxide in the blood

an abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood

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17
Q

Incision into the chest

A

thoracotomy

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18
Q

Rod shaped bacteria

A

cause of tuberculosis

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19
Q

To examine the voice box visually

A

laryngoscopy

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20
Q

Blood protein

A

hemoglobin

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21
Q

vaccination

A

Exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response

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22
Q

parts of long bones

A 
diaphysis
epiphysis
epiphyseal line or plate
metaphysis - flared portion 
periosteum - outter
Compact (cortical) bone - mid
haversian canals - waste remove
medullary cavity - yellow bone
Cancellous bone - spongy
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23
Q

differentiate anemia

A

aplastic anemia - Failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

hemolytic anemia - Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

pernicious anemia - Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12
into the bloodstream

sickle cell anemia

thalassemia - Inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia

24
Q

immature blood cells

A

erythroblast

25
Q

Polycythemia vs hemochromatosis

A

General increase in red blood cells (erythremia)

Excess iron deposits throughout the body

26
Q

Hemophilia

A

Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors (factor VIII or IX) necessary for blood clotting.

27
Q

Coagulation time vs erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

Time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube

Speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

28
Q

Hematocrit vs sed rate

A

Percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

29
Q

Edema vs petechiae

A

(swelling) results when too much fluid from blood “leaks” out
into tissues

tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on the skin as a result of hemorrhages

30
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

antibodies that bind to and sometimes destroy antigens (foreign substances)

31
Q

relapse vs remission

A

when disease symptoms and signs reappear

disappearance of signs and symptoms of disease

32
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fluid that surrounds body cells

passes continuously into specialized thin-walled vessels called lymph capillaries, which are found coursing through tissue spaces

33
Q

Areas of lymph nodes

A 
axillary nodes
cervical nodes
inguinal nodes
mediastinal nodes
mesenteric nodes
paraaortic nodes
34
Q

T-cells - What, where produced

A

present in nodes, T lymphocytes

T cells originate in the thymus gland

T cells recognize and remember
specific antigens and produce stronger attacks each time the antigen is encountered.

35
Q

Tonsils vs adenoids

A

masses of lymph tissue in the throat near the back of the mouth (oropharynx)

enlarged lymph tissue in the part of the throat near the nasal passages (nasopharynx)

36
Q

bone marrow

A

B cells, lymphocytes and monocytes

Platelets, actually blood cell fragments, are formed in bone marrow from giant cells
with multilobed nuclei called megakaryocytes

37
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

ncrease in the number or proportion of lymphocytes in the blood

38
Q

HIV

A

Virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS.

39
Q

Hodgkin Disease

A

Malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in the spleen and lymph
nodes. This disease is characterized by lymphadenopathy (lymph nodes enlarge), splenomegaly, fever, weakness, and loss of weight and appetite

40
Q

Herpes simplex

A

Viral infection causes small blisters on the skin of the lips or nose or on the genitals. Herpes simplex virus also can cause encephalitis

41
Q

skin cancer seen in AIDS

A 
Kaposi sarcoma (a cancer arising
from the lining cells of capillaries that produces dark purplish skin nodules)
42
Q

Opportunistic lung disease seen in AIDS

A

histoplasmosis (Histo)

Mycobacterium avium

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

tuberculosis (TB)

43
Q

Cancellous bone

A

(spongy or trabecular bone), much more porous and less dense than compact bone

44
Q

shoulder bone

A

scapula

45
Q

bones of face

A 
lacrimal - corners of eyes mandibular - lower jaw
maxillary - upper jaw
nasal - bride and septum
vomer - nasal septum
zygomatic - cheek
46
Q

bones of cranium

A

Ethmoid - Supports nasal cavity and eye sockets

Frontal - Forehead; part of eye sockets

Occipital - Back and base of skull

Parietal - Top and sides of skull

Sphenoid - Base of skull and behind eyes (bat-shaped bone)

Temporal - Lower sides and back of skull

47
Q

Diaphysis vs epiphysis

A

shaft, or middle region, of a long bone

Each end of a long bone

48
Q

Subluxation of a vertebra

A

forward slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra over a lower vertebra.

49
Q

Osteomyelitis vs. osteoporosis

A

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

Decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone.

50
Q

Fractures

A

Simple fracture (closed)

Compound fracture (open)

Comminuted - Bone is splintered and crushed into several pieces

Greenstick - Bone is partially broken; breaks on one surface and bends on another; often occurring in forearm

51
Q

Kyphosis vs anklosis

A

hump on the back, person’s height is reduced, may lead to pressure on the spinal cord or peripheral nerves

condition of joint stiffening or immobilization

52
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis vs osteoarthritis

A

Chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane.

Progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular surfaces.

53
Q

Leiomyosarcoma vs leiomyoma

A

malignant tumor of smooth (visceral) muscle

benign tumor of smooth muscle

54
Q

Supination vs pronation

A

hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm up. As applied to the foot, it is outward roll of the foot during normal motion

hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm down. As applied to the foot, it is inward roll of the foot during normal motion

55
Q

Skeletal vs visceral

A

voluntary muscle

involuntary muscle

Med Term - Exam 3 (9 decks)

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