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Med Term - Exam 3 > Chap 12 Resp Textbook > Flashcards

Chap 12 Resp Textbook Flashcards

1
Q

adenoids

A

Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils.

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2
Q

alveolus

A

Air sac in the lung

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3
Q

bronchioles

A

Smallest branches of the bronchi. Terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts.

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4
Q

bronchus

A

Branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube

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5
Q

diaphragm

A

Muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It contracts to pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out.

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6
Q

epiglottis

A

Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing.

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7
Q

expiration

A

Breathing out (exhalation)

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8
Q

glottis

A

Slit-like opening to the larynx.

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9
Q

inspiration

A

Breathing in (inhalation).

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10
Q

larynx

A

Voice box; containing the vocal cords.

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11
Q

nares

A

Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities

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12
Q

mediastinum

A

Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes.

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13
Q

palatine tonsil

A

One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth).

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14
Q

paranasal sinus

A

One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose

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15
Q

parietal pleura

A

Outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall.

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16
Q

pharynx

A

Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

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17
Q

pleura

A

Double-layered membrane surrounding each lung.

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18
Q

pleural cavity

A

Space between the folds of the pleura.

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19
Q

pulmonary parenchyma

A

Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli.

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20
Q

respiration

A

Process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing

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21
Q

visceral pleura

A

Inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue.

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22
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

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23
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus, air sac

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24
Q

bronch/o bronchi/o

A

bronchial tube, bronchus

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25
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole, small bronchus

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26
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

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27
Q

coni/o

A

dust

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28
Q

bronchospasm

A

This tightening of the bronchus is a chief characteristic of asthma and bronchitis.

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29
Q

bronchiectasis

A

Caused by weakening of the bronchial wall from infection.

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30
Q

bronchopleural

A

Bronchopleural fistula is an abnormal connection between the bronchial tube and the pleural cavity (space).

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31
Q

bronchiolitis

A

This is an acute viral infection occurring in infants younger than 18 months of age.

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32
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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33
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

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34
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx, voice box

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35
Q

lob/o

A

lobe of the lung

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36
Q

epiglottitis

A

Characterized by fever, sore throat, and an erythematous, swollen epiglottis.

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37
Q

mediastin/o

A

mediastinum

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38
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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39
Q

orth/o

A

straight, upright

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40
Q

orthopnea

A

An abnormal condition in which breathing (-pnea) is easier in the upright position

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41
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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42
Q

pector/o

A

chest

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43
Q

expectoration

A

Clearing of secretions from the airway by coughing or spitting.

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44
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharyng/o

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45
Q

phon/o

A

voice

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46
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

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47
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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48
Q

dysphonia

A

Hoarseness or other voice impairment.

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49
Q

pleurodynia

A

The intercostal muscles or pleura are inflamed, causing pain during breathing

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50
Q

pleural effusion

A

An effusion is the escape of fluid from blood vessels or lymphatics into a cavity or into tissue spaces.

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51
Q

pneum/o, pneumon/o

A

air, lung

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52
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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53
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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54
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus, cavity

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55
Q

spir/o

A

breathing

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56
Q

rhinorrhea

A

runny nose

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57
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

A

marked by rhythmic changes in the depth of breathing (rapid breathing and then absence of breathing). The pattern occurs every 45 seconds to 3 minutes. The cause may be heart failure or brain damage, both of which affect the respiratory center in the brain.

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58
Q

Pneumothorax

A

in pleural cavity (space)

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59
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion (-ectasis) of a lung

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60
Q

tel/o

A

complete

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61
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

62
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils

63
Q

trache/o

A

trachea, windpipe

64
Q

-ema

A

condition

65
Q

-osmia

A

smell

66
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

67
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting

68
Q

-sphyxia

A

pulse

69
Q

-thorax

A

pleural cavity, chest

70
Q

Sleep apnea

A

sudden cessation of breathing during sleep. It can

result in hypoxia, leading to cognitive impairment, hypertension, and arrhythmias

71
Q

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

gentle ventilatory support used to keep the airways open

72
Q

dyspnea

A

Dys- means abnormal here and is associated with shortness of breath (SOB).

73
Q

hemoptysis

A

Blood is coughed up from the bronchial tubes and lungs

74
Q

asphyxia

A

lack of pulse

75
Q

auscultation

A

Listening to sounds within the body. performed w/ a stethoscope, used chiefly for listening to the
passage of air into and out of the lungs and listening to heart sounds

76
Q

percussion

A

Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure.

77
Q

pleural rub

A

Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.

78
Q

rales (crackles)

A

Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli.

79
Q

rhonchi (singular: rhonchus)

A

Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum.

80
Q

sputum

A

Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting.

81
Q

stridor

A

Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx.

Common causes of stridor include throat abscess, airway injury, croup, allergic reaction, or epiglottitis and laryngitis.

82
Q

wheezes

A

Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing.

83
Q

croup

A

Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor.

The most common causative agents are influenza viruses or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

84
Q

diphtheria

A

Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium (Corynebacterium).

85
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

86
Q

pertussis

A

Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis.

Pertussis is characterized by paroxysmal (violent, sudden) spasms of coughing that ends in a loud “whooping” inspiration.

87
Q

asthma

A

Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production.

88
Q

bronchiectasis

A

Chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection.

Treatment is palliative (noncurative) and includes antibiotics, mucolytics, bronchodilators, respiratory therapy

89
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

90
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.

91
Q

emphysema

A

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

right heart failure (cor pulmonale).

92
Q

lung cancer

A

Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

NSCLC - 90% of lung cancers and comprises three main types:adenocarcinoma (derived from mucus-secreting cells), squamous cell carcinoma
(derived from the lining cells of the upper airway), and large cell lung cancer

SCLC derives from small, round (“oat” cells) cells found in pulmonary epithelium. It grows rapidly early and quickly spreads outside the lung.

93
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

94
Q

pneumonia

A

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction.

95
Q

pulmonary abscess

A

Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.

96
Q

pulmonary edema

A

Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

condition most often is caused by the inability of the heart to pump blood (congestive heart failure).

97
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

Occlusion can produce an area of dead (necrotic) tissue; this is a pulmonary infarction. PE often causes acute pleuritic chest pain (pain on inspiration) and may be associated with blood in the sputum, fever, and respiratory insufficiency.

98
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs.

99
Q

sarcoidosis

A

Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

100
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.

101
Q

mesothelioma

A

Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura.

102
Q

pleural effusion

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity).

Pleural effusions are exudates (fluid from tumors and infections)

Transudates (fluid from congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolism, or cirrhosis

103
Q

pleurisy (pleuritis)

A

Inflammation of the pleura.

104
Q

pneumothorax

A

Collection of air in the pleural space.

105
Q

anthracosis

A

Coal dust accumulates in the lungs.

106
Q

asbestosis

A

Asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs.

107
Q

hydrothorax

A

Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity.

108
Q

palliative

A

Relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease.

109
Q

paroxysmal

A

Pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure; oxysm/o means sudden.

110
Q

chest x-ray (CXR)

A

Radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film).

111
Q

computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest

A

Computer-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes.

112
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest

A

Magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral (sagittal), and cross-sectional (axial) planes.

113
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung

A

Radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs.

114
Q

ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan

A

Detection device records radioactivity in the lung after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas (xenon).

115
Q

bronchoscopy

A

Fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes.

116
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

117
Q

laryngoscopy

A

Visual examination of the voice box.

118
Q

lung biopsy

A

Removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination

119
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

120
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs: airway function, lung volume, and the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently

121
Q

thoracentesis

A

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

122
Q

thoracotomy

A

Large surgical incision of the chest.

123
Q

thoracoscopy (thorascopy)

A

Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope.

124
Q

tracheostomy

A

Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

125
Q

tuberculin test

A

Determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction.

126
Q

tube thoracostomy

A

A flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest.

127
Q

outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs

A

parietal pleura

128
Q

collections of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx

A

adenoids

129
Q

windpipe

A

trachea

130
Q

lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the voice box

A

epiglottis

131
Q

branches of the windpipe that lead into the lungs

A

bronchi

132
Q

region between the lungs in the chest cavity

A

mediastinum

133
Q

air-containing cavities in the bones around the nose

A

paranasal sinuses

134
Q

thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract

A

cilia

135
Q

inner fold of pleura closer to lung tissue

A

visceral pleura

136
Q

throat

A

pharynx

137
Q

air sacs of the lung

A

alveoli

138
Q

voice box

A

larynx

139
Q

smallest branches of bronchi

A

bronchioles

140
Q

collections of lymph tissue in the oropharynx

A

palatine tonsils

141
Q

midline region of the lungs where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs

A

hilum

142
Q

The apical part of the lung is the

A

uppermost part

143
Q

The gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs is

A

oxygen

144
Q

Breathing in air is called

A

inspiration, inhalation

145
Q

Divisions of the lungs are known as

A

lobes

146
Q

The gas produced by cells and exhaled through the lungs is

A

carbon dioxide

147
Q

The space between the visceral and the parietal pleura is the

A

pleural cavity

148
Q

Breathing out air is called

A

expiration, exhalation

149
Q

The essential tissues of the lung that perform its main function are pulmonary

A

parenchyma

150
Q

The exchange of gases in the lung is ______________________ respiration.

A

external

151
Q

The exchange of gases at the tissue cells is ______________________ respiration.

A

internal

Med Term - Exam 3 (9 decks)

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