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Med Term - Exam 3 > Chap 13 Blood Textbook > Flashcards

Chap 13 Blood Textbook Flashcards

1
Q

granulocytes

A

basophil
neutrophil
eosinophil

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2
Q

agranulocytes

A

monocyte

lymphocyte

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3
Q

basophil (0-1%)

A

allergens; releases histamine and heparin

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4
Q

eosinophil (1-4%)

A

parasitic infections, phagocyte in allergic rx

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5
Q

neutrophil (50-70%)

A

bacterial infection; phagocyte

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6
Q

lymphocyte (20-40%)

A

immune response; makes antibodies to antigens

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7
Q

monocytes (3-8%)

A

phagocytic cells - macrophage and diets bacteria and tissue debris

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8
Q

plasma

A

albumin
globulins
fibrinogen
prothrombin

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9
Q

Type A

A

A antigens

anti-B antibodies

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10
Q

Type B

A

B antigens

anti-A antibodies

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11
Q

Type AB

A

A & B antigens

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12
Q

Type O

A

anti-A & anti-B antibodies

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13
Q

blood clotting

A
  • platelets aggregare
  • tissue & clotting factors
  • fibrogen to fibrin clot
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14
Q

albumin

A

Protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood.

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15
Q

bilirubin

A

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed.

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16
Q

electrophoresis

A

Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge.

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17
Q

globulin

A

Plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins

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18
Q

heparin

A

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells.

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19
Q

immunoglobulin

A

Protein (globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD. Immun/o means protection.

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20
Q

bas/o

A

base (alkaline, the opposite of acid)

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21
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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22
Q

coagul/o

A

clotting

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23
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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24
Q

eosin/o

A

red, dawn, rosy

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25
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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26
Q

granul/o

A

granules

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27
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

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28
Q

hemoglobin/o

A

hemoglobin

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29
Q

is/o

A

same, equal

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30
Q

anisocytosis

A

An abnormality of red blood cells; they are of unequal (anis/o) size; -cytosis means an increase in the number of cells.

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31
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

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32
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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33
Q

mon/o

A

one, single

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34
Q

morph/o

A

shape, form

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35
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

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36
Q

myelodysplasia

A

preleukemic condition

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37
Q

neutr/o

A

neutral

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38
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

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39
Q

pahg/o

A

eat, swallow

40
Q

poikil/o

A

varied, irregular

41
Q

sider/o

A

iron

42
Q

spher/o

A

globe, round

43
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

44
Q

poikilocytosis

A

Irregularity in the shape of red blood cells. Poikilocytosis occurs in certain types of anemia.

45
Q

-apheresis

A

removal, a carrying away

46
Q

-blast

A

immature cell, embryonic

47
Q

-cytosis

A

abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)

48
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

49
Q

-gen

A

giving rise to; producing

50
Q

-globin, -globulin

A

protein

51
Q

-lytic

A

pertaining to destruction

52
Q

-oid

A

derived or originating from

53
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

54
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

55
Q

-phage

A

eat, swallow

56
Q

-philia

A

attraction for (an increase in cell numbers)

57
Q

-phoresis

A

carrying, transmission

58
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

59
Q

-stasis

A

stop, control

60
Q

anemia

A

Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin.

most common - iron defi

61
Q

aplastic anemia

A

Failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.

62
Q

Pancytopenia

A

stem cells fail to produce leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes

63
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

ex - congenital spherocytic anemia (hereditary
spherocytosis)

64
Q

pernicious anemia

A

Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream.

65
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

Hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis.

66
Q

thalassemia

A

Inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia.

67
Q

hemochromatosis

A

Excess iron deposits throughout the body.

Hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, skin pigmentation, diabetes, and cardiac failure may
occur.

68
Q

polycythemia vera

A

General increase in red blood cells (erythremia).

69
Q

hemophilia

A

Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors (factor VIII or IX) necessary for blood clotting.

70
Q

purpura

A

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin.

71
Q

Petechiae

A

tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on the skin as a result of hemorrhages

72
Q

Ecchymoses

A

larger blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)

73
Q

Autoimmune

thrombocytopenic purpura

A

condition in which a patient makes an antibody that destroys platelets. Bleeding time is prolonged; splenectomy

74
Q

leukemia

A

Increase in cancerous white blood cells (leukocytes)

75
Q

Acute myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (AML)

A

Immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) predominate. Platelets & erythrocytes are diminished because of infiltration and replacement of the bone marrow by large numbers of myeloblasts

76
Q

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

A

Immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) predominate. This form is seen most often in children and adolescents; onset is sudden

77
Q

Chronic myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (CML)

A

Both mature and immature granulocytes are present in large numbers in the marrow and blood. This is a slowly progressive illness with which patients (often adults older than 55) may live for many years without encountering life-threatening problems.

78
Q

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

A

Abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in the marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. This most common form of leukemia usually occurs in the elderly and follows a slowly progressive course.

79
Q

granulocytosis

A

Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood.

-Eosinophilia is an increase in eosinophilic granulocytes, seen in certain allergic conditions, such as asthma, or in parasitic infections
(tapeworm, pinworm).

-Basophilia is an increase in basophilic granulocytes seen in certain types of leukemia.

80
Q

mononucleosis

A

Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

81
Q

multiple myeloma

A

Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow.

82
Q 
antiglobulin test (Coombs
test)
A

Test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes.

83
Q

bleeding time

A

Time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound.

84
Q

coagulation tim

A

Time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube.

85
Q

complete blood count (CBC)

A

Determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values—MCH, MCV, MCHC

86
Q

`erythrocyte sedimentation

rate (ESR)

A

Speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

87
Q

hematocrit (Hct)

A

Percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

88
Q

hemoglobin test

H, Hg, Hgb, HGB

A

Total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood.

89
Q

platelet count

A

Number of platelets per cubic millimeter (mm3) or microliter (μL) of blood.

90
Q

prothrombin time (PT)

A

Test of the ability of blood to clot.

91
Q

red blood cell count (RBC)

A

Number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter (mm3) or microliter (μL) of blood.

92
Q

red blood cell morphology

A

Microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells

93
Q

white blood cell differential

[count]

A

Percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood.

94
Q

apheresis

A

Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood.

95
Q

blood transfusion

A

Whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient.

96
Q

bone marrow biopsy

A

Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle.

97
Q

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

A

Peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient.

Med Term - Exam 3 (9 decks)

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