Chap 13 Blood Textbook Flashcards
granulocytes
basophil
neutrophil
eosinophil
agranulocytes
monocyte
lymphocyte
basophil (0-1%)
allergens; releases histamine and heparin
eosinophil (1-4%)
parasitic infections, phagocyte in allergic rx
neutrophil (50-70%)
bacterial infection; phagocyte
lymphocyte (20-40%)
immune response; makes antibodies to antigens
monocytes (3-8%)
phagocytic cells - macrophage and diets bacteria and tissue debris
plasma
albumin
globulins
fibrinogen
prothrombin
Type A
A antigens
anti-B antibodies
Type B
B antigens
anti-A antibodies
Type AB
A & B antigens
Type O
anti-A & anti-B antibodies
blood clotting
- platelets aggregare
- tissue & clotting factors
- fibrogen to fibrin clot
albumin
Protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood.
bilirubin
Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed.
electrophoresis
Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge.
globulin
Plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins
heparin
Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells.
immunoglobulin
Protein (globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD. Immun/o means protection.
bas/o
base (alkaline, the opposite of acid)
chrom/o
color
coagul/o
clotting
cyt/o
cell
eosin/o
red, dawn, rosy
erythr/o
red
granul/o
granules
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
hemoglobin/o
hemoglobin
is/o
same, equal
anisocytosis
An abnormality of red blood cells; they are of unequal (anis/o) size; -cytosis means an increase in the number of cells.
kary/o
nucleus
leuk/o
white
mon/o
one, single
morph/o
shape, form
myel/o
bone marrow
myelodysplasia
preleukemic condition
neutr/o
neutral
nucle/o
nucleus
pahg/o
eat, swallow
poikil/o
varied, irregular
sider/o
iron
spher/o
globe, round
thromb/o
clot
poikilocytosis
Irregularity in the shape of red blood cells. Poikilocytosis occurs in certain types of anemia.
-apheresis
removal, a carrying away
-blast
immature cell, embryonic
-cytosis
abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)
-emia
blood condition
-gen
giving rise to; producing
-globin, -globulin
protein
-lytic
pertaining to destruction
-oid
derived or originating from
-osis
abnormal condition
-penia
deficiency
-phage
eat, swallow
-philia
attraction for (an increase in cell numbers)
-phoresis
carrying, transmission
-poiesis
formation
-stasis
stop, control
anemia
Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin.
most common - iron defi
aplastic anemia
Failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.
Pancytopenia
stem cells fail to produce leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes
hemolytic anemia
Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
ex - congenital spherocytic anemia (hereditary
spherocytosis)
pernicious anemia
Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream.
sickle cell anemia
Hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis.
thalassemia
Inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia.
hemochromatosis
Excess iron deposits throughout the body.
Hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, skin pigmentation, diabetes, and cardiac failure may
occur.
polycythemia vera
General increase in red blood cells (erythremia).
hemophilia
Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors (factor VIII or IX) necessary for blood clotting.
purpura
Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin.
Petechiae
tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on the skin as a result of hemorrhages
Ecchymoses
larger blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)
Autoimmune
thrombocytopenic purpura
condition in which a patient makes an antibody that destroys platelets. Bleeding time is prolonged; splenectomy
leukemia
Increase in cancerous white blood cells (leukocytes)
Acute myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (AML)
Immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) predominate. Platelets & erythrocytes are diminished because of infiltration and replacement of the bone marrow by large numbers of myeloblasts
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
Immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) predominate. This form is seen most often in children and adolescents; onset is sudden
Chronic myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (CML)
Both mature and immature granulocytes are present in large numbers in the marrow and blood. This is a slowly progressive illness with which patients (often adults older than 55) may live for many years without encountering life-threatening problems.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in the marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. This most common form of leukemia usually occurs in the elderly and follows a slowly progressive course.
granulocytosis
Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood.
-Eosinophilia is an increase in eosinophilic granulocytes, seen in certain allergic conditions, such as asthma, or in parasitic infections
(tapeworm, pinworm).
-Basophilia is an increase in basophilic granulocytes seen in certain types of leukemia.
mononucleosis
Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
multiple myeloma
Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow.
antiglobulin test (Coombs test)
Test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes.
bleeding time
Time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound.
coagulation tim
Time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube.
complete blood count (CBC)
Determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values—MCH, MCV, MCHC
`erythrocyte sedimentation
rate (ESR)
Speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
hematocrit (Hct)
Percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood
hemoglobin test
H, Hg, Hgb, HGB
Total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood.
platelet count
Number of platelets per cubic millimeter (mm3) or microliter (μL) of blood.
prothrombin time (PT)
Test of the ability of blood to clot.
red blood cell count (RBC)
Number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter (mm3) or microliter (μL) of blood.
red blood cell morphology
Microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells
white blood cell differential
[count]
Percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood.
apheresis
Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood.
blood transfusion
Whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient.
bone marrow biopsy
Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle.
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient.
