Chap 13 Blood Textbook Flashcards
1
Q
granulocytes
A
basophil
neutrophil
eosinophil
2
Q
agranulocytes
A
monocyte
lymphocyte
3
Q
basophil (0-1%)
A
allergens; releases histamine and heparin
4
Q
eosinophil (1-4%)
A
parasitic infections, phagocyte in allergic rx
5
Q
neutrophil (50-70%)
A
bacterial infection; phagocyte
6
Q
lymphocyte (20-40%)
A
immune response; makes antibodies to antigens
7
Q
monocytes (3-8%)
A
phagocytic cells - macrophage and diets bacteria and tissue debris
8
Q
plasma
A
albumin
globulins
fibrinogen
prothrombin
9
Q
Type A
A
A antigens
anti-B antibodies
10
Q
Type B
A
B antigens
anti-A antibodies
11
Q
Type AB
A
A & B antigens
12
Q
Type O
A
anti-A & anti-B antibodies
13
Q
blood clotting
A
- platelets aggregare
- tissue & clotting factors
- fibrogen to fibrin clot
14
Q
albumin
A
Protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood.
15
Q
bilirubin
A
Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed.
16
Q
electrophoresis
A
Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge.
17
Q
globulin
A
Plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins
18
Q
heparin
A
Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells.
19
Q
immunoglobulin
A
Protein (globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD. Immun/o means protection.
20
Q
bas/o
A
base (alkaline, the opposite of acid)
21
Q
chrom/o
A
color
22
Q
coagul/o
A
clotting
23
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
24
Q
eosin/o
A
red, dawn, rosy
25
erythr/o
red
26
granul/o
granules
27
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
28
hemoglobin/o
hemoglobin
29
is/o
same, equal
30
anisocytosis
An abnormality of red blood cells; they are of unequal (anis/o) size; -cytosis means an increase in the number of cells.
31
kary/o
nucleus
32
leuk/o
white
33
mon/o
one, single
34
morph/o
shape, form
35
myel/o
bone marrow
36
myelodysplasia
preleukemic condition
37
neutr/o
neutral
38
nucle/o
nucleus
39
pahg/o
eat, swallow
40
poikil/o
varied, irregular
41
sider/o
iron
42
spher/o
globe, round
43
thromb/o
clot
44
poikilocytosis
Irregularity in the shape of red blood cells. Poikilocytosis occurs in certain types of anemia.
45
-apheresis
removal, a carrying away
46
-blast
immature cell, embryonic
47
-cytosis
abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)
48
-emia
blood condition
49
-gen
giving rise to; producing
50
-globin, -globulin
protein
51
-lytic
pertaining to destruction
52
-oid
derived or originating from
53
-osis
abnormal condition
54
-penia
deficiency
55
-phage
eat, swallow
56
-philia
attraction for (an increase in cell numbers)
57
-phoresis
carrying, transmission
58
-poiesis
formation
59
-stasis
stop, control
60
anemia
Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin.
| most common - iron defi
61
aplastic anemia
Failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.
62
Pancytopenia
stem cells fail to produce leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes
63
hemolytic anemia
Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
ex - congenital spherocytic anemia (hereditary
spherocytosis)
64
pernicious anemia
Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream.
65
sickle cell anemia
Hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis.
66
thalassemia
Inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia.
67
hemochromatosis
Excess iron deposits throughout the body.
Hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, skin pigmentation, diabetes, and cardiac failure may
occur.
68
polycythemia vera
General increase in red blood cells (erythremia).
69
hemophilia
Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors (factor VIII or IX) necessary for blood clotting.
70
purpura
Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin.
71
Petechiae
tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on the skin as a result of hemorrhages
72
Ecchymoses
larger blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)
73
Autoimmune
| thrombocytopenic purpura
condition in which a patient makes an antibody that destroys platelets. Bleeding time is prolonged; splenectomy
74
leukemia
Increase in cancerous white blood cells (leukocytes)
75
Acute myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (AML)
Immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) predominate. Platelets & erythrocytes are diminished because of infiltration and replacement of the bone marrow by large numbers of myeloblasts
76
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
Immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) predominate. This form is seen most often in children and adolescents; onset is sudden
77
Chronic myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (CML)
Both mature and immature granulocytes are present in large numbers in the marrow and blood. This is a slowly progressive illness with which patients (often adults older than 55) may live for many years without encountering life-threatening problems.
78
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in the marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. This most common form of leukemia usually occurs in the elderly and follows a slowly progressive course.
79
granulocytosis
Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood.
-Eosinophilia is an increase in eosinophilic granulocytes, seen in certain allergic conditions, such as asthma, or in parasitic infections
(tapeworm, pinworm).
-Basophilia is an increase in basophilic granulocytes seen in certain types of leukemia.
80
mononucleosis
Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
81
multiple myeloma
Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow.
82
```
antiglobulin test (Coombs
test)
```
Test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes.
83
bleeding time
Time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound.
84
coagulation tim
Time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube.
85
complete blood count (CBC)
Determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values—MCH, MCV, MCHC
86
`erythrocyte sedimentation
| rate (ESR)
Speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
87
hematocrit (Hct)
Percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood
88
hemoglobin test
| H, Hg, Hgb, HGB
Total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood.
89
platelet count
Number of platelets per cubic millimeter (mm3) or microliter (μL) of blood.
90
prothrombin time (PT)
Test of the ability of blood to clot.
91
red blood cell count (RBC)
Number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter (mm3) or microliter (μL) of blood.
92
red blood cell morphology
Microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells
93
white blood cell differential
| [count]
Percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood.
94
apheresis
Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood.
95
blood transfusion
Whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient.
96
bone marrow biopsy
Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle.
97
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient.
