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Sports Healthcare > Exam 3 - Knee Anatomy > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Knee Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Main points about the knee

A
  1. Largest synovial joint in the body
  2. separates the body’s two largest lever arms
  3. compound joint - tibiofemoral joint - patellofemoral joint
  4. patella largest sesamoid bone
  5. patella acts as a pulley - gives mechanical advantage to quads
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2
Q

What are the principle movements of the knee?

A

flexion
extension
rotation

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3
Q

What is the “screw-home mechanism”?

A

during knee extension, the tibia externally rotates to increase stability

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4
Q

What gives the tibiofemoral joint its stability?

A
  • static restraints from the bones and ligaments

- dynamic restraints

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5
Q

Describe the anatomy of the meniscus

A
  1. semilunar cartilage
  2. the MEDIAL meniscus is “C-shaped”
  3. the LATERAL meniscus is “O-shaped”
  4. overall wedge shaped
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6
Q

What are the attachment points of the lateral meniscus?

A
  • intercondylar area - attaches to PCL

- posterior - medial femoral condyle via meniscofemoral ligament

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7
Q

How is the medial meniscus attached?

A
  • anterior - anterior tibia

- posterior - posterior tibia

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8
Q

What is the common mechanism of injury to the meniscus?

A

Loaded-twisting motion

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9
Q

What are the primary symptoms of a meniscus injury?

A
  • report that the knee “gave out”
  • clicking or popping sound
  • effusion
  • deep squat/duck walk painful
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10
Q

Between the medial and lateral meniscus, which is more commonly injured?

A

medial

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11
Q

How does the meniscus receive its blood supply?

A
  1. outer 1/3 from genicular artery

2. inner 2/3 is avascular, and receives nourishment from synovial fluid

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12
Q

What 4 muscles are responsible for extension of the knee?

A
  1. rectus femoris
  2. vastus lateralis
  3. vastus medialis
  4. vastus intermedius
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13
Q

What are the 3 primary muscles involved in knee flexion?

A

Hamstrings

  1. biceps femoris
  2. semitendonosis
  3. semimembranosis
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14
Q

What are the secondary muscles involved in knee flexion?

A
  1. gastrocnemius
  2. gracilis
  3. sartorius
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15
Q

What is the function of a bursa?

A

It’s a fluid-filled sac in high-friction areas that eases the friction of the muscles and tendons over body prominences

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16
Q

What are the 3 bursa of the anterior knee?

A
  1. suprapatellar bursa
  2. prepatellar bursa
  3. infrapatellar bursa
17
Q

What is a plica?

A

distinct permanent fold of the synovium of the knee

18
Q

What is the mechanism of injury for the plica?

A
  • direct blow
  • tear from a twist
  • repeat stress
  • weak vastus medialis & vmo
  • hamstring tightness
19
Q

What is the infrapatellar fat pad?

A
  • largest fat pad in knee
  • serves as a cushion to the front of the knee
  • separates the patellar ligament from the joint capsule
  • can become enlarged if irritated
20
Q

What are the main ligaments in the knee?

A 
LCL - lateral collateral ligament
MCL - Medial collateral ligament
ACL - Anterior cruciate ligament
PCL - Posterior cruciate ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament
Patellar ligament
21
Q

What is the function and attachment points of the LCL?

A

Provides lateral stability
Attachments:
- lateral condyle of the femur
- head of the fibula

22
Q

What are the attachments and function of the MCL?

A 
Provides medial stability
Attachments:
- medial condyle of femur
- medial meniscus
- medial tibia
23
Q

What are the deep fibers of the MCL?

A

Menisco-femoral

Menisco-tibial

24
Q

What is the MOI of the MCL?

A

valgus force from the lateral side

25
Q

What is the function of the ACL?

A

prevents tibia from translating anteriorly on the femur

26
Q

What are the 2 major fiber bundles of the ACL?

A

Anteromedial

Posterolateral

27
Q

What are the attachments for the ACL?

A

Distal - anteromedial bundle at tibial intercondylar area
- ascends posterolaterally twisting on itself
Proximal - posteromedial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle

28
Q

What is the function of the PCL?

A

Key stabilizer for basic knee motion/function

- creates compressive forceacross the knee joint between the tibia and femur

29
Q

What are the attachments of the PCL?

A

distal - posterior tibial intercondylar area
- ascends anteromedially
proximal - lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle

30
Q

What is the function and attachments of the Oblique popliteal ligament?

A

Provides posterior stability
Attachments:
Distal - posterior medial aspect of tibia
Proximal - posterior lateral aspect of femur

31
Q

Patellar ligament attachments

A

Distal - tibial tuberosity

Proximal - inferior pole of patella

32
Q

Bones of the knee

A
  1. medial condyle of femur
  2. medial condyle of femur
  3. patella
  4. medial & lateral joint lines
  5. medial condyle of tibia
  6. lateral condyle of tibia
  7. tibial tuberosity
  8. shaft of tibia
  9. head of fibula
  10. shaft of fibula
33
Q

muscles of the knee

A
  1. vastus medialis
  2. rectus femoris
  3. vastus lateralis
  4. biceps femoris
  5. semitendinosus
  6. semimembranosus
  7. gastrocnemius
  8. tibialis anterior
34
Q

Ligaments of the knee

A
  1. medial collateral ligament
  2. lateral collateral ligament
  3. patellar ligament
  4. oblique popliteal ligament

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