Exam 2: Rehabilitation Flashcards
Exam 2 - Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation makes the difference between…
- Successful return to competition
- and -
- Compromised performance
- Re-injury
What are the 4 goals of rehabilitation?
- Restoration of function to the greatest possible degree.
- Return the athlete to competition as soon as medically safe.
- Rehabilitate the injured body without hampering the healing process.
- Prevent deconditioning of the rest of the body.
When planning a successful rehabilitation program, what must the athlete be told?
- Diagnosis - what’s wrong
- What’s going to be done to correct the problem
- Prognosis - prediction of the course and end of an injury, and the outlook based on that prognosis.
When planning a successful rehab program, what are the SHORT term goals of that program (7)?
- Protect the area and prevent re-injury
- Rest
- Decrease Pain
- Decrease Inflammation
- Decrease effusion/swelling
- Maintain normal ROM
- Educate the athlete
When planning a successful rehab program, what are the LONG term goals (10)?
- Increase flexibility
- Increase strength
- Increase endurance
- Increase power
- Increase speed
- Increase agility/balance
- Increase cardiovascular endurance
- Increase functional skills
- Restore normal biomechanics
- Maintain positive mental outlook
What is the general definition of the SAID principle?
Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands
- Rehab program must be individualized to meet the needs of the athlete and the sport
What areas do the SAID principle cover?
Strength
Endurance
Flexibility
Define Strength
Strength is the ability to produce force against a resistance in a single contraction of restricted duration - generally high weight, low rep
Define Endurance
Endurance is the ability of the body to undergo prolonged activity or to resist stresses set up as a result of prolonged activity
Define Flexibility
Flexibility is the range of movements of a specific joint or group of joints.
What is exercise progression?
When exercises are prescribed in 1 of 4 increasing levels of difficulty depending on:
- type of injury/surgery
- severity of injury
- stage of tissue healing
What is the order of exercise types for progression in order from LEAST difficult to MOST?
- Passive Exercise
- Assistive Exercise
- Active Exercise
- Progressive Resistance Exercise (start with PRE’s if possible)
What is Passive Exercise?
Passive exercise is the movement of an injured body part by another person or device without any effort by the patient.
What are the advantages of Passive Exercise (9)?
- Maintains ROM
- Prevents contractures
- provides sensory input to the body, stimulates muscle spindles, mechanoreceptors, proprioceptors
- Patient becomes mentally conscious of movement, which has psychological benefit
- Aids venous and lymphatic drainage
- Helps align collagen tissue formation and maturation
- Promotes the development of a more functional flexible scar
- Prevents degenerative joint changes, partly due to the secretion of synovial fluid
- Secretion of synovial fluid
What are the DISADVANTAGES of passive exercise (2)?
- Doesn’t increase strength
2. Doesn’t increase endurance
What does the secretion of synovial fluid aid in?
- Joint lubrication
- Removal of metabolic waste products
- Transportation of nutrients into the joint space
- Nourishes avascular cartilage
- Joint stabilization due to a pressure difference that produces a suction force
What is Assistive Exercise?
Assistive Exercise is the movement of an injured body part by the patient with assistance from another person or device.
What are the three forms of ACTIVE EXERCISE?
- Isometric
- Isotonic
- Isokinetic
What are the THREE defining characteristics of IsoMETRIC exercise?
- Exercise is performed without any joint motion (static)
- Muscle length remains constant as muscle tension increases
- Muscle tension can be submaximal to maximal
What are the primary ADVANTAGES of IsoMETRIC exercises?
- can be used early in rehab since there is no joint motion (soreness is usually in muscles, not soft tissue since no joint movement)
- Very effective increasing strength
What are the primary DISADVANTAGES of IsoMETRIC exercises?
- Increase in muscle strength is fairly specific to the joint angle where the exercise is being performed.
- Difficult to provide patient motivation.
Define IsoTONIC exercise.
Isotonic exercise is a when a fixed resistance is moved through a range of motion at variable speeds.
What are the two types of Isotonic exercise?
- Concentric - shortening contraction
2. Eccentric - lengthening contraction - produces greatest amount of force
What are the advantages of Isotonic exercises?
- Increase strength throughout range of motion
2. Motivation by achievement
What are the DISadvantages of isotonic exercises?
- If performed too soon, can cause traumatic synovitis
2. Not safe if athlete has painful arc in ROM
What are the advantages of IsoKINETIC exercises?
- accommodating resistance throughout ROM
2. exercise at various speeds
What are the disadvantages of isokinetic exercises?
- Cost/Availability
2. Set up time
What are the advantages of Closed-chain exercises?
- Provides total integration of the skeletal and neuromuscular systems
- Increases strength
- Replicates - Normal biomechanical function
- Replicates proprioception
What are the three concepts of a progressive rehabilitation program?
- Isometric –> Isotonic –> Isokinetic
- Submaximal –> Maximal
- Partial –> Full ROM
What are the subjective criteria for patient progression?
- Patient feels pain
2. Patient feels stiffness
What are the objective criteria for patient progression?
- Strength
- ROM
- Girth measurement
- Temperature
- Redness
- Functional performance
