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CHEM 101 > Exam 3- Key Terms and Concepts > Flashcards

Exam 3- Key Terms and Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a net chemical equation?

A

It is a chemical equation that involves the adding (mixing) of 2 chemical reactions together. Like a net ionic equation, similar elements on both sides of the equation are canceled out.

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2
Q

What is the formula for specific heat capacity?

A

c= Q(in kJ) / (mass in grams)(change in Temp. in Kelvin)

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3
Q

What is the formula (along with its units) for finding Kinetic energy?

A

KE = (1/2)mv^2

m= kg
v= m/s
KE= J
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4
Q

What is the formula for change in enthalpy if you have the change in energy and the work done?

A

change in enthalpy = change in energy - work

^H = ^E - W

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5
Q

What is another way to express work?

A

Pressure x the change in volume

P x ^V

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6
Q

What is the formula for the change in energy (U)?

A

change in energy = enthalpy(specific heat) + work

^U = q + w

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7
Q

How do you write a standard formation reaction? (Use Fe2O3 as an example)

A

Write it out as you would any other reaction, but the products MUST have a coefficient of 1. So I would write it out normally and then divide all coefficients by a number that would make the desired coefficient 1. Make sure to include physical states.

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8
Q

What is the equation for molar heat capacity?

similar to specific heat, but one variable is different

A

c = Q / (n)(^K)
c=molar heat capacity
Q=Total heat used (usually expressed in joules)
n=MOLES (not grams)
^K=change in temperature expressed in Kelvin

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9
Q

What is the value of the ideal gas constant, with the units: (L x atm)/(mol x K)

A

0.08206

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10
Q

What is the equation for finding the heat of the system when the system is in a calorimeter?

A

q(system) = q(water)+q(calorimeter)+q(reaction heat)

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11
Q

What is the heat formula? (NOT specific heat capacity formula)

A 
q = mC^T
q= heat energy (J)
m= mass(kg)
C= specific heat (J/kg x K)
^T= change in temp (K)
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12
Q

What is the formula for finding the heat of the water in a calorimeter?

A

q = mC^T

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13
Q

What is the formula for finding the heat of the calorimeter?

A

q(Calorimeter) = C(calorimeter) x ^T

C= specific heat of the calorimeter

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14
Q

What is the equation for the volume of a sphere?

A

(4/3)(pi)(r)^3

4/3 times pi times r cubed.

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15
Q

Is a mole fraction written as a: fraction, decimal, or percentage?

A

Decimal

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16
Q

How do you find the mole fraction?

A

Find amount of moles are in the given element. Then add all of the compounds given together and then divide each individual compound by all the moles added together.

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17
Q

What is the equation for finding the density of an ideal gas?

A 
m/V = (P/RT) x M
m= mass (g)
M= Molar mass (g/mol)
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18
Q

What is the equation for finding the molar mass of an ideal gas?

A

M = (m/V) x (RT/P)

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19
Q

What is the formula for partial pressure?

A

(nRT) / (V)

Remember to divide by V

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20
Q

In order for Hydrogen Bonding to occur, what three elements must be present in the compound?

A

One of the three strongly electronegative atoms: O, N, F.

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21
Q

What two “tests” must a molecule pass in order for Hydrogen Bonding to occur?

A
  • The molecule must have O, N, or F in it.
  • The hydrogen atom must be attached to one of these three elements and one of those three elements in the molecule that the Hydrogen is trying to attach to must have a lone pair on it.
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22
Q

What molecules are affected by the dispersion force?

A

ALL molecules

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23
Q

What molecules are affected by the dipole force?

A

Only polar molecules or polar polyatomics

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24
Q

What molecules are affected by the ion-dipole force?

A

Ions and polar molecules affect each other with this force.

25
Q

What is vapor pressure?

A

Vapor pressure is a molecule’s ability to evaporate. A higher vapor pressure will make a solution evaporate quicker.

26
Q

What is surface tension?

A

It is the force of a solution to resist being forced apart. Think of the bug on water or the bubble solution on a bubble blowing wand.

27
Q

What is viscosity?

A

A solution’s thickness. A higher viscosity will result in a high pressure needed to move it.

28
Q

Will bigger molecules require higher or lower dispersion forces?

A

Higher

29
Q

True or false. There is no temperature change when a molecule changes phases. (Solid, liquid, gas)

A

True

30
Q

What are the two values of R and what are their respective units?

A
  1. 08206 (L•atm)/(mol•K)

8. 134 (J/K•mol)

31
Q

What is Hess’ Law?

A

States that enthalpy is a state function.

32
Q

True or false. Gasses have much greater densities than liquids or solids.

A

False. Gases have the lowest densities of the 3 states of matter.

33
Q

What is force?

A

Mass • acceleration

34
Q

What is pressure? (Think of the collisions)

A

Force/Area

35
Q

How many pascals are in one atmosphere?

A

101,325

36
Q

How many mmHg are in one atmosphere?

A

760

37
Q

How many torr are in one atmosphere?

A

760

38
Q

How many pounds per square inch (psi) are in one atmosphere?

A

14.7 psi

39
Q

How many Newtons per meter squared (N/m^2) are in one pascal? By extension, how many (N/m^2) are in one atmosphere?

A
  • 1 (N/m^2) = 1 pascal

- 101,325 (N/m^2) per 1 atm

40
Q

In a closed tube system, how do you find the pressure of the gas?

A

The height of the mmHg

41
Q

In an open tube system, how do you find the pressure of the gas?

A

The height of mmHg + the pressure in atm

42
Q

What does Avogadro’s Law state?

A

The more moles of a substance you have, the more space you need.

43
Q

What is the Standard Temperature and Pressure?

A

0^C and 1 atm

44
Q

What is the formula for the density of a gas?

A

(P x Molar mass) / (R x T)

45
Q

How do you convert L x atm to Joules? (Like when you need to calculate work)

A

(answer in L x atm) times (101.3 Joules/ 1 Liter x 1 atm)

46
Q

When finding the change in energy or work or even enthalpy, what is an important thing to consider? (Think of sign)

A

Is the process exothermic or endothermic

47
Q

What is the equation for finding the heat absorbed or lost?

A

mC^T

48
Q

What is the specific heat of water? (C of water)

A

4.184 J/ g x K

49
Q

How do you go from Celcius to kelvin?

A

Celcius + 273.15

50
Q

How do you calculate partial pressure?

A

Find amount of moles of each compound. Plug into modified PV=nRT –> P=nRT/V
OR
Find mole fraction and multiply by the total pressure (if given)

51
Q

What is a body centered unit cell?

A

A unit cell that has 2 full atoms within it. 1 full one at the center and an 1/8th of one at every corner of the unit cell

52
Q

What is a simple cubic unit cell?

A

A unit cell that has 1 full atom within it. Has 1/8 of an atom at every corner.

53
Q

What is a face centered unit cell?

A

A unit cell with an 1/8 of an atom at every corner and 1/2 of an atom at every face. 4 total atoms.

54
Q

What type of atom is at the lattice points (corners) of an ionic crystal?

A

Cations and anions (hence the ionic)

55
Q

What types of atoms are at the lattice points of a covalent crystal?

A

Regular atoms

56
Q

What types of atoms are at the lattice points of a metallic crystal?

A

Metal atoms

57
Q

What are some characteristics of ionic crystals?

A

Hard and brittle (like glass) and is a poor all around conductor. High melting point.

58
Q

What are some characteristics of metallic crystals?

A

ranges from hard to soft. Good conductors of heat and electricity. Low to high melting point.

59
Q

What are some characteristics of covalent crystals?

A

Hard, high melting point. Poor all around conductor.

CHEM 101 (9 decks)

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