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pharm > Exam 3 - just ABX and its indication lecture 1 > Flashcards

Exam 3 - just ABX and its indication lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four indications for s.pyogens and what medication could u give?

A

MEAP
1. meningitis
2. endocarditis
3. arthrisis
4. pharyngitis

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2
Q

what are the indications for S.virdans? what rx can u give?

A

endocarditis, meningitis
give PCN

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3
Q

what are the two indicationsfor s. pneuomia? what rx do u give?

A

you give PCN
1. pneumonia - give 3rd gen cephalosporin
2. meningitis - needs to establish pcn sensitivity first by giving other drugs

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4
Q

what rx do you give along w pcn to treat endocarditis casued by enterococci?

A

PCN with gentamicin (only for endo caused by enterococci)

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5
Q

what rx do you give for pregascny women with t.pallidum?

A

PCN (not doxy since its contraindicated)

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6
Q

what rx do you give to adults/children/preg to those with B.burgdorferi? - lyme disease

A

for adults + children = doxy/amoxicillin/cefuroxime
preg = only amoxcillin

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7
Q

what bacteria casueses gas gangrene given with anti toxcin and how would you tx it?

A

C.perferinges
tx w PCN

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8
Q

what bacteria casues listeriosis and what can it progess to? what abx do u give to tx?

A

bacteria: L. monocytogenese
can lead to food poisoning which can progress to meningitits
RX: PCN

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9
Q

what two things does actinomyces isrealli attack and how do u tx it ?

A

attacks the skin and pulm
tx it w PCN

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10
Q

what are the 5 drugs that are isoxazolyl PCN and their importance?

A

I - make coffee do not overthink
1. methicillin - 1st drug made but quickly became resisitant to staphylococci
2. cloxacillin - PO
3. DICLOXACILLIN - famous - rapidly excreted by kidney , given PO or IV
4. nafcillin - IV, can lead to increase nephrotoxicity **BUT NOT USED OR MSSA **
5. Oxacillin - IV

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11
Q

what are the two indication that you can use isoxazolyl PCN?

A

S.epidermidis
MSSA

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12
Q

which iso PCN is not often used for MSSA?

A

nafcillin which can lead to high nephrotoxciity

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13
Q

which ISO PCN drug is given PO/IV and is rapidly excreted in the kidney?

A

DICLOXACILLIN

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14
Q

what bacteria does isoxazolyl PCN kill?

A

they kill staphylococci bacterias so S.epidermidis and MSSA (not nafcillin)

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15
Q

what group of drugs came out to kill gram negatives? and what are the drugs? explain each one.

A

aminopenicillin
1. amipicillin - IV/ IM
2. amoxicillin - PO, better bioaviabiality than ampicillin
3. augmentin - expand spectrum
+ clavulate acid (b lactase inhibitor)

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16
Q

what are three URI bacteira that you can give aminopenicillin for?

A

URI
1. S. pyrogens
2. s. pneuomoniae
3. H. influenza

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17
Q

what are exmaples of URI that you can give aminopenicillin for?

A

sinusitits, acute otisits media, bronchitsis, epiglottisis

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18
Q

what other 7 indications can you give aminopencillin for?

A
  1. UTI - 7 dz
  2. meningitis - caused by L.monocytogenes (food posiening that can lead to meningitis)
  3. salmonella - diarreha
  4. lyme diesease - good for preg/lactation
  5. pasturella multocida - cat biting
  6. dental prophylaxis
  7. gravid
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19
Q

what is first in line for tx UTI?

A

nitrofurantoin#1 or fosfomycin
cipro #2

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20
Q

what rx could you give for dental prophylaxis and/or before delivery?

A

aminopenicilin - it manipulates the gingiva and bacteria in the blood and KILLS GBS before baby delivery

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21
Q

what spectrum do carboxypenicillin and ureidopenicillin include?

A

pseudomonas!

22
Q

what is the ureidopenicclin drug and what do you give it for?

A

piperacillin + tazo –> give for three bx
1. p.aeurginosa
2. bacteriodes
3. enterobacteriace

INCLUDES PSEUDOMONAS

23
Q

what is one carboxypenicllin and what do u give it for?

A

-Ticarcillin + clavulanate
give it for when u dont know what bacteira is casuing it –> since this has a broad specturm

24
Q

what would u give b-lactamase inhibitors for?

A

**beta –> students have new school schedule AND exams keep brains mushy **
* Staphylococci
* H. influenza
* N. gonorrhoeae
* Salmonella
* Shigella
* E. coli
* K. pneumoniae
* B. fragilis
* M. catarrhalis

25
Q

which PCN drug would produce a bad rash if given when theres a viral infection?

A

ampicillin and amoxicillin

26
Q

which PCN drug will casue neutropenia ?

A

nafcillin

27
Q

which PCN drug wipes out the gut floor except C.Diff?

A

ampicillin

28
Q

```

which cephalosporin drug would you give for surgery prophylaxis?

A

1st gen - cefazolin

29
Q

which cephalosporin drug has a huge volume of distburition?

A

cefazolin

30
Q

which cephalosporin drug is amazing for UTI and why? what other two drugs are similiar to this?

A

cephalexin- given PO its unmetabolzied in the kidney so great for UTI
- cephadrine and cefadroxil are very similiar

31
Q

which cephalosporin drugs do you give for bacteroides fragillis?

A

cefotetan and cefoxitim

32
Q

what is cefuroxime axetil?

A

it is the PO version of cefuroxime and its used for lyme dz

33
Q

what two bacteira does cefuroxime cover?

A
  • s.pneumonia
  • h.influenza
34
Q

which cephalosproin has a LONG halflife and crosses the BBB?

A

cefuroxime

35
Q

what three meds can u give for salmonella?

A

ceftrixone, ampicillin, fluroquinolone

36
Q

what three meds can you give for n.meningitis?

A

ampicilinn+vanco+ceftrixone

37
Q

which 3rd and 4th gen cephalosporin drug do you give for p.aeruginosa?

A

3rd - ceftzidime and cefoperazone
4th - cefepime

38
Q

what are the five things that can be. tx w ceftriaxone?

A
  1. acute cholecyistiits (since its excreted in biliary tract)
  2. salmonella - cef / fluro/ ampi
  3. n.mengingits - cef + ampi + vanco
  4. n.gonorreha - cef + doxxy
  5. lymze dz - good CNS penetration
39
Q

can you giev ceftriaxone to someonew ith kidneey disease?

A

YES!!! its excreted in the biliary duct so you can give it to someon w kidney dz

40
Q

what does cefepime cover?

A

p.aeruginosa and it also has good enterobacteria coverage as well as gram +/- and pseudomonal cov

41
Q

which drug casues HYPOprothrombinemia?

A

cefotetan and ceperazone (2rd and 3th gen) you take it w VIT K

42
Q

which drug casues disulfiram like rx so you cannot drink alc w it?

A

cefotetan and cefperazone

43
Q

which drug causes hemolytic anemia ?

A

cephalosporin drugs - this is when immunoglobin attacks RBC

44
Q

what are the bacterias that carbapenme kills?

A

LESSPAA
1. listeria
2. enterococci
3. staphylococci
4. streptococci
5. psudeomonas
6. anearboes
7. acinetoBACTER

45
Q

whats the differneceb between meropenem, doripenem, and ertapenem?

A
  1. meropenem is similair to imipenem but it doesnt need cilastatin since it came out later
  2. doripenem - MORE EFFECTIVE TWD psuedomaonas
  3. ertapenm - DOESNT HAVE PSEUDOMONAS cov but it has a longer half life and BETTER COV FOR anaeorboes
46
Q

which carbapenem has a better cov toward pseudomonas?

A

doripenem!

47
Q

which carbopenem has a better coverge to anaerboes such as intraabdominal and intrapelvic infection?

A

ertapenem

48
Q

which drugs should u give if u have a PCN allergy?

A

aztreonam – monobactam class

49
Q

what are azetrenam indications?

A

(aerobic gram negative rods, pseudomonas)
1. (gram - bacilli) = e.coli, k. pneumonia, H. influenza
2. (gram - bacilli) = S.marcescens, P.mirabillis, Acientobacter, citrobacter, enterobacter
3. (gram - bacilli) = p. aeruginosa

50
Q

when do u give vancomycin?

A
  1. pseudomembranous colitis casued by C.diff
  2. resp illness caused by MRSA
  3. CNS - strep pneuonmia, staph meningiges
  4. skin + soft tissies + bone + joint
  5. endocarditis - casued by MRSA or s.virdens
51
Q
A

pharm (13 decks)

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