exam 1: lecture 2 Flashcards
what does cholinergic mean?
cholinergic receptors respond to aCH
what are the two preganglionic nerves that contributes to PARAsympathics?
cranial (from midbrain and medulla) and splanchic nerves (from sacral region)
for parasympathetics, is the terminal ganglion close or far from target organ?
CLOSE to target organ
where are the pre-ganglionic fibers from in sympathetic?
thoracic region (white rami communication) and lumbar region
are the ganglions far or close to the target organ in sympathetics?
FAR AWAY from target organs
what are the 4 cranial nerves part of parasymapethics? and where do they come from?
CN 3 7 9 10
3 oculomotor nerve - mid brain
7 facial nerve - medula
9 glossopharyngeal nerve - medula
10 vagus nerve
where does the oculomotor nerve take off from? WEIRD NAME
takes off from the etenger wessfold nucleolus
for CN3, what are the presynaptic fibers, post synaptic fibers and what does it do?
presynaptic fibers synapses at the ciliary ganglion* and it goes to the post synaptic fibers to the eye and does:
constriction = myosis, cilliary body constriction, pupillary muscle constriction, accomdation
for CN7, what are the presynaptic fibers and post ganglion fibers?
the presynaptic fibers are sphenopalatine ganglion* and goes to the post gang fibers to stimulate salvation (via submandibular gang*) and lacrimation
For CN9, what are the presynaptic fibers and post synaptic fibers?
presynaptic fibers synapses at the otic ganglion and the post synaptic fibers synapses at the parotid glands and stimulates salvation too
for CN10, what effects does it have on the heart, lungs, gut?
heart: slows it down as its a negative inoctropic
lungs: bronchoconstriction, increases secretion
gut: peristalsis
where do splanchnic n come from and what effect does it have on the bladder and gut?
comes from sacral region S2-S4
constriction of bladder and peristalsis of the gut
what do cholinergic neurons release? what are examples of cholinergic?
they release aCH. EX are:
- ALL of parasympathetics (pre gang and post gang fibers)
- pre ganglionic fibers in sympathetic
- post ganglionic fibers in sympathetic to sweat glands
- motor and skeletal nerves
what do adrenergic release? are they majority sympathetic or parasympathetic?
NE. Mostly sympathetic fibers and they innervate heart / blood vessels –> vasoconstrictions
explain how cholinergic neurons release aCH. 6 steps
choline acetyltransferase enzyme (in the cytosol) combines acetyl coA and choline to make aCH.
aCH goes to the vesicle.
AP travels down the cell and Ca voltage gated channel opens and Ca rushes into the cell and binds to the vesicle
causes exocytosis of the vesicle
aCh will bind and act on the two receptors: muscarinic or nicotinic receptors
what are two ways to stop aCH signals?
acetylcholinesterase and BOTOX
how does acetylcholinesterase work?
this enzyme breaks down aCH into choline and acetate
acetate will be metabolized and choline will go back to the axon with sodium
diff between acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase?
acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down aCH
choline acetyltransferase is an enzyme that combines choline and acetyl coA to make aCH
how does botox work?
it blocks the release of acH!!
botox goes into the axon and binds to the vesicle to prevent it from binding to the membrane for exocytosis
whats a danger effect of botox?
dangerous to the diaphragm
what kind of receptor is nicotinic and muscarinic receptor?
nicotinic receptor is a ligand gated ion channel
muscarinic receptor is a GCPR receptor
