Exam 3: Joints of LE Flashcards
Coxofemoral Joint (Hip):
- Articulation of the head of the femur with the ox coxae : “acetabulum”
- Synovial ball and socket joint
- Cavity of acetabulum deepened by the ______ (fibrocartilage) and bony rum completed by the _______ at the acetabular notch
- Join contained in a _________ capsule reinforced with three lugaments and surrounding muscles
Coxofemoral Joint (Hip):
- Articulation of the head of the femur with the ox coxae: acetabulum
- Synovial ball and socket joint
- Cavity of the acetabulum deepened by the acetabular labrum (fibrocartilage) and bony rim completed by the transverse acetabular ligament at the acetabular notch
- Join contained in a fibrous/synovial capsule reinforced with three ligaments and surrounding muscles
Iliofemoral Ligament:
- Inverted Y shaped ligament that covers most of the _____ aspect of the coxofemoral (hip) joint
- Proximal and distal attachments?
What does it do:
- helps prevent ________ of the thigh and also screw the _____ of the ____ onto the ______ to help strengthen and stabilize the join
Iliofemoral Ligament:
-Inverted Y shaped ligament that covers most of the anterior aspect of the coxofemoral (hip) joint
- Attachments: AIS and acetabular rim to interchanteric line of the femur
Helps prevent hyperextension of the thigh and screws the head of the femur into the acetabilum to help strengthen and stabilize the joint
Pubofemoral Ligament:
Attachments?
-Primarily prevents ______ but also ____ of the thigh and strengthens the _______
Pubofemoral Ligament:
Pubic part of acetabular rim to the medial part of the iliofemoral ligament
-Primarily prevents hyperabduction, but also hyperextension of the thigh… strengthens the anterior/inferior capsule
Ischiofemoral Ligament:
Attachments?
It prevents ______ and strenghtens the ____ capsule
Ischiofemoral Ligament:
Ischial portion of the acetabular rim, spirals around posterior neck and attaches to anterior neck
Prevents hyperextension of the joint and strengthens the posterior capsule
Ligamentum Teres:
Ligament of the ________
It is an intrascapular liagement
______ to stabilize the joint
It does have an _____ running through it
Main blood supply to the head of the femur is from the _____
Ligamentum Teres:
Ligament of the head of the femur
Intrascapular ligament
Does NOT do much to stabilize the joint
It does have an artery running through it
BUT, the main blood supply to the head of the femur is from the medial circumflex humeral a.
Innervation of the hip joint: ____, ____, ____
Innervation of the hip joint: femoral, sciatic, and obturator
Clinical Anatomy: Dislocation of Hip and Hip Fracture
Capsule is strongest ________ and the weakest___
Hip fracture is usually the fracture of the _______
With ____ and ____, damage to the medial circumflex artery can result in necrosis of the ____ since the main blood supply is from the medial circumflex femoral a.
Clinical Anatomy: Hip Dislocation and Fracture
Capsule is the strongest anterosuperiorly and weakest posteriomedially due to the location of the 3 ligaments
Hip fracture is usually fracture of femoral neck. With femoral neck fracture or posterior dislocation, damage to the medial circumflex a can result in necrosis of the femoral neck/head since main blood supply is from medial circumflex femoral a.
Tibiofemoral Joint (Knee):
Between the femur and the tibia
It is structurally classified as _______
It is uniaxial, but there is a ______
Joint is very weak, relies on muscles, ligaments, and menisci for support
Tibiofemoral Joint (Knee):
Between the femur and the tibia
Structurally classified as modified synovial hinge joint
Uniaxial but there is a slight rotation in the tibiofemoral joint
Tibiofemoral Joint:
The articulating sources of the femur are the ___ and _____
Articulating surfaces of the tibia are the _______ and _____ seperated by the _____
Attached to the plateaus are ________ which deepend the concavity of the plateau’s
Tibiofemoral Joint:
Femur articulating surfaces: medial and lateral femoral condyles
Tibial Articulating Surfaces: medial and lateral tibial plateaus seperated by indercondylar eminence
Attached to the plateus are medial and lateral menisci to deepen their concavity
Medial and Lateral Menisci:
Deepens and widens the _____: increasing the stability of the joint
Helps lubricate joint, provide shock absorption
Lateral Meniscus: ___ shaped
Medial meniscus: ___ shaped
Medial and Lateral Menisci:
Deepens and widens the tibial plateaus: increasing stability of the joint
Helps lubricate, provides proprioception, provides shock absorption
Lateral Meniscus: O shaped
Medial Meniscus: C shaped
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL):
A strong, wide flat band of connective tissue
Attachments?
At roughly the midpoint, the MCL fibers attach to the ______
Actions: checks tibial _____ and secondarily checks _____
MCL:
Strong, wide flat band of connective tissue
Attachments: medial femoral epicondule to the medial tibial epicondyle
At roughly the midpoint, the fibers of the MCL are strongly attached to the medial meniscus
Primarily checks tibial abduction, secondarily checks hyperextension
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL):
Extends from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the ______ head
Primarily checks tibial _____ and helps secondarily to prevent _____
LCL:
Extends from lateral epicondyle of femur to the lateral surface of the fibular head
Primarily checks tibial adduction and secondarily helps check hyperextension
ACL:
Extend from the ________ posteriorly, superiorly and laterally to attach to lateral femoral condyle
Limits _____ translation of the tibia on the femur and _____ of the leg
ACL:
Extend from the intercondylar eminence posteriorly, superiorly and laterally to attach to the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle
Limits anterior translation of the tibia on the femur and hyperextension of the leg
PCL:
_____ of the two cruciate ligaments
Will check _____ translation of the tibia on the femur and also help check _____ of the leg
PCL:
Stronger of the 2 cruciate ligaments
Will check posterior translation of the tibia on the femur and will also help check hyperflexion of the leg
Genu varum & Genu Valgus:
Medial deviation:
Lateral Deviation:
Medial deviation: Varum (bow legs)
Lateral deviation: Valgus (knock knees)
Clinical Anatomy: Baker’s Cyst and Bursitis:
Popliteal/Baker’s Cyst: not bursitis, but synovial fluid accumulation into the ______
Bursitis:
- Prepatellar (housemaid’s knee): between ____ and ____
- Infrapatellar (clergymen’s knee): between __ and __
Baker’s Cyst and Bursitis:
Popliteal/Baker’s Cyst: not bursitis, but synovial fluid accumulation into the popliteal fossa
Bursitis:
Prepatellar (housemaid’s knee): between skin and patella
Infrapatellar: between patellar ligament and tubual tuberosity
Unhappy Triad:
The terrible triad of the knee is an injury to the ___, ___, and _____
Flexion and lateral rotation of the knee can cause it
Willis McGahee Injury involves: __, __, __
Unhappy Triad:
Terrible triad of the knee is an injury to the ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus
Willis McGahee Injury: torn acl, pcl, and mcl
Unhappy Triad Cont’d:
With the foot planted:
- if the lateral rotation of upper body occurs at the knee, the cruciates _______
- if medial rotation, the cruciates _____
With the foot planted:
- if lateral rotation of upper body occurs at the knee, the cruciates wind tighter and can rupture
- if medial rotation occurs, the cruciates unwind
Patellofemoral Joint:
A synovial planar joint
The patella moves _____ with leg flexion and ____ with leg extension
Patella is held in place by _____
Patellofemoral Joint:
A synovial planar joint
The patella moves inferiorly with leg flexion
The patella moves superiorly with leg extension
Patella is held in place by quad tendon
Patellar Ligament:
Extends from apex of patella to the _______
Serves as the distal attachment for the _____ muscles but also helps stabilize the anterior joint capsule
Patellar Ligament:
Extends from apex of patella to tibial tuberosity
Serves as the distal attachment for the quadriceps muscles, but also helps stabilize the anterior joint capsule
Superior Tibiofibular Joint and Interosseous Membrane:
Synovial planar joint
movement of the joint is ___, but may help with proper mechanics of the __ joint
Interosseuous membrane is a fibrous syndesmosis joint between tibia and fibula for ___ and ____
Superior Tibiofibular Joint and Interosseous Membrane:
Type of synovial planar joint
Movement of this joint is minimal, but may help with proper mechanics of the talocrural joint (ankle)
Inferior Tibiofibular Joint:
essential to the integrity of the ___ joint
Held together by which ligaments?
Inferior Tibiofibular Join:
This joint is essential to the integrity of the talocrural joint (ankle)
Joint is held together by: anterior and posterior tibiofibrular ligaments, and the interosseous tibiofibular ligament
High Ankle Sprain:
Most common mechanism of injury is ____ rotation of the foot, but can also be due to forced _____
Very difficult to treat, because every step you take splays the ________, thus continiously aggrevating the damaged tissues
High Ankle Sprain:
most common mechanism is lateral rotation of the foot, but can also be due to forced dorsiflexion
Very difficult to treat, because every step you take splays the distal tibiofibular joint, thus continually aggravating the damaged tissues
Talocrural Joint (Ankle):
Joint capsule is strengthened by two sets of ligaments: the ____ and the _____
Ankle Joint/Talocrural Joint
Joint capsule is strengthened by two sets of ligaments: lateral ligaments and the deltoid ligaments
There are three ligaments that support the lateral talocrural joint:
1.
2.
3.
Three ligaments that support the lateral talocrural joint:
- Anterior Talofibular Ligament (platnar flexion and inversion)
- Posterior Talofibular Ligament (dorsiflexion and inversion)
- Calcenofibular ligament (dorsiflexion and inversion)
All of the deltoid ligaments within the ankle check ____ of the foot
All of the deltoid ligaments within the ankle check eversion of the foot
Plantar Ligaments:
The long and short plantar ligaments help maintain the ___ arches of the foot
The plantar calceneonavicular ligament plays an important role in ________ from the talus and helps maintain the ______
Plantar Ligaments:
- The long and short plantar ligaments help maintain the longitudinal arches of the foot
- The plantar calceneonavicular ligament plays an important role in transfer of weight from the talus and helps maintian the medial longitudinal arch
TopHat Questions:
- In the hip joint, which ligament helps check abduction of the femur?
- Anterior vs posterior knee checks
- Dr. D had a severe inversion ankle sprain. Which structure likely hurt?
- Pubofemoral helps check abduction of the femur
- Too much anterior movement: ACL tear, too much posterior movement: PCL tear
- (right answer could be anterior or posterior talofibular ligament OR the calcenofibular ligament)
